大学英语六级(2013年12月考试改革适用)模拟试卷13(题后含答案及解析)

大学英语六级（2013年12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷13 (题后含答

案及解析)

题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. 4. Reading Comprehension 5. Translation

Part I Writing

1． For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Charity Work following the outline given below. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.1．随着我国经济的发展和社会进步，慈善事业逐渐成为人们关注的焦点2．有人认为做慈善是富人们的事情，有人则提倡平民慈善3．我的看法 On Charity Work

正确答案： On Charity Work Nowadays, as a result of social and economic development, charity work is becoming a hot issue on mass media and drawing close attention from all walks of life. Opinions on this issue vary widely, especially concerning who is supposed to contribute more to promoting charity work, the rich or the commoners. Many people hold that the rich should take more social responsibility and donate more fortune to charity. Since they enjoy favorable economic policies and the working class help them get rich, it is their duty to repay society, which can also help narrow the widening gap between the rich and the poor. However, some take a different side and argue that charity is not a thing just involving rich people. More ordinary people should get involved. The public is the solid foundation for charity. Charity work should never end up as a fashion show filled up with tycoons, movie stars and celebrities. As for me, to take part in charity work is a voluntary act and not the exclusive domain of a certain group of people. Therefore, both ordinary people and the rich should play a positive role in building a healthy and sustainable environment for charity work.

Part II Listening Comprehension

Section A

听力原文：W: I don’t want my son Tim to hang out with Bob, who drinks and once stole his father’s car.M: Well, it’s important to discuss your concerns with your son. Calmly explain why you think spending time with Bob is not in his best interests.Q: What is the woman most probably doing?

2．

A．Blaming her son. B．Consulting the man.

C．Complaining to Bob’s father.

D．Seeking help from her lawyer.

正确答案：B

解析：推理判断题。女士提到她的儿子Tim交友不慎，男士建议她务必和她的儿子谈一谈，要平静地告诉她的儿子，为什么交往不良朋友对他不利。由此可以推测，女士在向男士咨询。

听力原文：M: I just read about an exciting technique. Researchers found a way to convert types A and B blood into type O blood—the type that can be transfused into any patient.W: Then we will not have blood shortages in the future.Q: What does the woman mean about the new technique?

3．

A．It’s impossible to apply the technique to clinical use.

B．It’s important to receive blood compatible with the right type. C．It could help avoid blood shortages in the future. D．It could help save lives since it is safe and effective.

正确答案：C

解析：事实细节题。男士提到一种最新的技术，这种技术可以把A型血和B型血统统转化为O型血，而O型血适合各种血型的病人。女士回答说，这样一来将来就不会出现“血荒”了。

听力原文：M: Think about last year’s Christmas dinner party. They got drunk and even had a fistfight. Do you still insist on going?W: What about just having cocktails? We can thank the hosts and then leave.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?

4．

A．The man is opposed to drinking.

B．Last year’s Christmas dinner party was a success. C．The woman does not want to go to this year’s party. D．The man feels reluctant to attend the party.

正确答案：D

解析：推理判断题。男士说去年的圣诞聚会上，有人喝醉了，甚至斗殴，问女士是否坚持要去参加今年的聚会。由此可以推断，男士不愿意参加这样的聚会。

听力原文：W: My house is in a mess and I spend less time with my child than I would like because I am wiped out from a long day at work.M: Why not pay for a maid to come in once a week to help?Q: What will the woman do next if she follows the man’s advice?

5．

A．Sort out the house by herself. B．Consider quitting her job.

C．Find a maid to help clean the room.

D．Make her house spotless with her child.

正确答案：C

解析：行动计划题。经过一天的工作之后，女士实在没有精力收拾屋子，陪伴孩子。男士提议她找个钟点工，一周来帮一次忙。

听力原文：W: Hi, what’s new? You are watching the clouds and the grass, like you have never seen them.M: I got contact lenses to replace my glasses, and it’s like I’m seeing the world through new eyes. It’s miraculous.Q: What can we learn about the man from the conversation?

6．

A．He is a new-comer to the place. B．He enjoys natural beauty.

C．He feels surprised at the change. D．He is wearing contact lenses.

正确答案：D

解析：推理判断题。对话中，女士发现男士看东西的神情与以往不同，男士解释说，他今天戴了隐形眼镜，感觉很神奇。

听力原文：M: I have received three e-mails from different people offering to give me money if I will help them transfer funds out of their country.W: Those are traps. People who have responded have been subjected to threats and extortion, and in some cases, murder.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?

7．

A．Provide his bank account number to them. B．Do not make any response to them. C．Verify their claims by talking online. D．Help them complete the transaction.

正确答案：B

解析：推理判断题。男士说他收到三封电子邮件，都是关于有人要他帮忙把钱从自己的国家转存出来，并给他一笔钱作为回报的；女士回应说，这些都是陷阱，曾经回复这些邮件的人都受到恐吓和敲诈，有的甚至因此送了性命。由此可以推断，女士建议男士不要回信。

听力原文：W: Jazz music always makes me feel really relaxed, but it’s hard for me to tell what makes one song better than another.M: Well, you don’t have to be an expert to be impressed by jazz.Q: What does the man mean?

8．

A．The woman needs to learn more about jazz music. B．The woman has good appreciation ability of music. C．Jazz music touches average listeners.

D．No two performances of the same song are exactly the same.

正确答案：C

解析：弦外之音题。女士说她不太懂爵士乐，虽然听的时候感到很放松，但她说不出来好在什么地方；而男士说，不一定非得是内行专家才能被爵士乐打动。由此可以推断，普通人也会被爵士乐打动。

听力原文：W: Henry, I’d like to study at the coffee shop, with some snacks. What about you?M: Well, I like going to coffee shops, but all the people talking in the background make it hard to concentrate.Q: What does the man imply?

9．

A．He wants to stay in the background. B．He may go to study at a quiet place.

C．He will go with the woman to have some snacks. D．He wants to talk with people at the coffee shop.

正确答案：B 解析：推理判断题。女士想去咖啡店学习，顺便吃点东西，征求男士的意见；男士则回答说，咖啡店里很多人聊天，会使他无法集中精神学习。由此可以推断，他可能会选择一个安静的地方学习。in the background意为“在背后，在幕后”。

听力原文：W: So Todd, we’re talking about the World Cup bidding process and the American campaign lost to Qatar. How do you feel about that?M: Yeah,(9)it was a bit tough. The US actually was a really good candidate because it has really everything for the matches, so I was actually surprised that it didn’t get it. But then after reading about the bid that won, Qatar, I understand.W: So in your opinion, what kind of advantages does Qatar have? Do you think it deserves it?M: They seem to have a really good pitch and the stadiums. Qatar is relatively small, so people won’t have to travel that much, so I think that’s kind of benefit.W: Right. That really makes sense. But do you have some other things to comment?M: Well, actually to be honest, what really surprised me was that Australia didn’t get it. I thought Australia was the best choice.W: Yeah, I was surprised at that as well. But you know this is the bidding, hard to predict.M: So if it was the US, Qatar and Australia, who would have you chosen?W: I would have chosen Australia, too. They don’t really have a very good transportation network because it’s so large and the cities are so far away from each other. I think it would have really helped to develop that side of Australia.M: Yeah, I agree. Different countries have their own strong points but usually the most suitable is the luckiest one.9. What does the man think of winning the bidding of the World Cup?10. What is Qatar’s advantage?11. Which country is the best choice according to the man?12. What kind of benefit will Australia get if it wins?

10．

A．Difficult. B．Easy. C．Sad.

D．Worrying.

正确答案：A

解析：事实细节题。女士问男士就卡塔尔赢得世界杯主办权的看法时，男士回答说赢得世界杯主办权是一件很难的事情，因为美国是一个强劲的对手。

11．

A．It has world-famous players and superstars.

B．It has modern facilities and traveling convenience. C．It is near the seaside with a lot of sunshine. D．It possesses the tradition of playing football.

正确答案：B

解析：细节辨认题。女士询问男士如何看待卡塔尔的优势时，男士回答说卡塔尔有优良的场地和体育场，同时因为其地域较小，所以省下了人们奔波看球的时间。由此推断，卡塔尔的优势是设备先进并且球迷看球比较方便。

12． A．Qatar. B．Australia. C．The US. D．Japan.

正确答案：B

解析：细节辨认题。女士询问男士的看法时，男士说他认为澳大利亚是最佳选择。由此推断，男士认为澳大利亚是承办世界杯的最佳国家。

13．

A．It will become more popular than before. B．It will have its transportation developed. C．Its football industry will be improved. D．It will obtain more money than before.

正确答案：B

解析：事实细节题。男士询问女士意见时，女士回答说她认为澳大利亚为最佳选择，承办世界杯可以改善当地的交通状况，因为澳大利亚地广人稀。由此推断，承办世界杯可以让澳大利亚借机改善交通状况。

听力原文：M: These days there are warning labels on everything from CDs to cigarettes to fast food. What do you think about that?W: I think nowadays they are really overdoing it. People are not little children and you don’t need to warn them of everything. An intelligent person should be aware that fast food isn’t healthy.M: But even fast food isn’t healthy, so many people consume it. Putting a warning on it might change their minds at least a little bit.W: I don’t think that’s going to work, such as the

warnings on cigarettes.M: I think that there are many countries where they have increased the warning labels, with some countries even having pictures of horrible-looking teeth, nasty lungs cut open and deformities on babies. I think those sorts of things actually do help. But I don’t like those. When you go to a fast food restaurant and you order a hamburger, wouldn’t you like to know how many calories you’re ordering at one time?W: I think the calorie information is important.M: What about things other than calories? There is certain nutritional information that could do damage to you, such as too much salt. But do you think that should at least be there?W: I think there should be a differentiation between warning labels and nutritional information.M: Then which one are you for?W: I think having the nutritional information on it is a very good idea. People should be better informed about this.13. What does the woman think of warning labels?14. Which is the content of warning labels mentioned in the conversation?15. What’s the woman’s attitude toward nutritional information?

14．

A．People like the warning labels. B．The warning labels are harmful. C．The warning labels are useful.

D．There are too many warning labels.

正确答案：D

解析：观点态度题。男士询问女士对警示标签的看法时，女士说现在人们过度使用警示标签。由此推断，女士认为现在的警示标签泛滥。

15．

A．Diseased lungs.

B．Processed hamburgers. C．Cute babies. D．Calorie ratios.

正确答案：A

解析：细节辨认题。男士说现在很多国家越来越多地使用警示标签，有的国家甚至用难看的牙齿、病态的肺和畸形儿来给人们警示。由此可知，A)“病态的肺”为正确答案。

16．

A．It should be replaced by warning labels. B．It is necessary due to its useful information. C．It can affect a lot of people when they eat. D．People prefer calorie information on it.

正确答案：B 解析：细节辨认题。男士询问女士对食物上的警示标签和营养信息的看法时，女士回答她认为在食物上标注营养信息是不错的办法。由此推断，女士认为在食

物上标注营养信息很有用。

Section B

听力原文： The world has almost seven billion people, at least two billion of whom are expected to be on the Internet. New growth is mostly from developing countries, though only 20% of their population is online, a new report says. A group called the World Wide Web Foundation is working to make the Web more usable to more of the world. Tim Berners-Lee, the British computer scientist who invented the World Wide Web, announced the launch of the Web Foundation last November. The group says many people can access the Web but are unable to use it. The biggest reason is illiteracy. The latest United Nations report says almost 800 million adults are unable to read or write. Even for those who can read, much of the information that is available on the Web is not in a language they can understand. Tim Berners-Lee created the World Wide Web as a way to help people share information. He says the World Wide Web Foundation wants everyone to be able to use this information. It’s focusing on the Web not just as a technology, but as one of the most powerful means for connecting people to knowledge and people to each other. World Wide Web Foundation’s cooperation with the Web Science Trust and the World Wide Web Consortium(联盟)aims to create applications that make the Web more user-friendly. Steve Bratt says mobile technology is an important part of that work, as more and more people use their phones to go online. One of the challenges the Foundation has now is to make the Web a lot easier to use even on the simplest and least expensive mobile phones.16. What does the speaker say about Net users?17. Why can’t many people use the Internet?18. What’s Tim Berners-Lee’s major purpose of creating the World Wide Web?19. What challenge does World Wide Web Foundation face now?

17．

A．The number of Net users is growing fast in developing countries. B．Most people in developed world are Net users. C．Net users are more active in developing countries. D．There are more Net users in developing countries.

正确答案：A

解析：细节辨认题。短文开头提到，一份新的报告表明虽然发展中国家只有20％的人能上网，但是最新的网民数量的增长主要来自发展中国家。由此可知，发展中国家的网民数量增长迅速。

18．

A．They don’t have access to Internet.

B．They can’t understand any foreign language. C．They can’t read or write.

D．They don’t know how to search information.

正确答案：C

解析：目的原因题。短文提到很多人能联网却不会使用网络，其中最主要的原因就是不会读写。

19．

A．To develop the information technology.

B．To provide ways of communication and study. C．To help Net users with their own problems. D．To make the Web more user-friendly.

正确答案：B

解析：事实细节题。短文提到了Tim Bemers-Lee建立互联网的目的就是帮人们实现信息共享，使互联网成为人们学习知识和相互交流的手段。由此可知，Tim Berners-Lee创立互联网的主要目的是为人们提供交流和学习的手段。

20．

A．Making the illiterate have access to Internet. B．Creating simpler language for its users.

C．Attracting more phone users to join its networks. D．Making it easier to use the Web.

正确答案：D

解析：细节辨认题。短文末尾说明了互联网基金会所面临的一个挑战，即大大降低使用网络的难度，通过最易使用且最廉价的手机就能更容易地使用网络。由此可知，该基金会目前面临的挑战是使网络的使用更容易。

听力原文： Since ancient times, people have grown grapes to produce wine. It is hard to say how long people have been drinking wine. Wine is far older than recorded history. The first wine ever made was probably an accident. People in ancient times might have picked ripe grapes. Some juicy grapes at the bottom of the container were crushed together. As the grapes broke open, chemical substances on the skins went to work, turning sugar from the fruit into alcohol. This is the process that turns grape juice into wine. Winemaking probably began in the ancient Egypt. Wine was not just about having an enjoyable drink. It could be stored for future use. And, it was nutritious and often much safer to drink than water during early times, especially in cities. Some experts say that up until the early 1600s in Europe, wine was the only prepared drink. After that, wine had competition from beer, coffee and tea. One thing was very important for the start of the modern wine industry. Wine needed a better storage method. In the mid 1600s, people began making glass wine bottles that were stronger and at a lower cost. Before that, wine was transported in containers made out of wood or leather. Glass bottles and the tight seal of a cork permitted wine to last longer in storage. It became clear that wine aged well and tasted even better over time. These developments led to a whole new kind of wine culture. Today, the top wine producing countries in the world are Italy, France and Spain,

followed by the US. Although Europe is still important in the wine industry, many other countries around the world are making top wines. These countries include Argentina, Chile, South Africa and Australia.20. How was the first wine made?21. What can we learn about wine in the early 1600s?22. What is one of the advantages of glass bottles in the modern wine industry?

21．

A．Ancient people extracted juice from grapes. B．People stored grapes in containers for wine.

C．Juice from ripe grapes unexpectedly turned into wine. D．Winemaking industry turned grapes into wine.

正确答案：C

解析：推理判断题。短文开头交代了最早的葡萄酒的产生纯属意外，后文解释说，古人在采摘成熟的葡萄时，一些葡萄汁流到容器的底部，经化学作用而形成葡萄酒。由此推断，最早的葡萄酒是由成熟葡萄的汁液“意外’’变成的。

22．

A．It was less popular than coffee and tea. B．It was the only prepared drink. C．It was first made in Europe.

D．It was transported in glass containers.

正确答案：B

解析：事实细节题。短文提到直到17世纪早期，葡萄酒一直是欧洲唯一的备用饮料，之后才出现了啤酒、咖啡和茶。由此可知，在17世纪初期，葡萄酒是唯一的备用饮料。

23．

A．They can preserve wine for much longer period. B．They can be more convenient to transport. C．They make wine taste much better. D．They make wine more impressive.

正确答案：A

解析：细节辨认题。短文提到玻璃瓶除了耐用、成本低之外，还能更长久地存储葡萄酒，而存储时间越长，酒就越香醇。

听力原文： Pearl Buck was the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. She wrote more than one hundred books. She also wrote short stories, poetry, plays, essays and children’s literature. But most people remember Pearl Buck for her novels about China. Pearl and her family lived among the Chinese people. Pearl played with Chinese children and visited their homes. She listened to their ideas and learned about their culture. From an early age, she spoke both Chinese and English. Pearl’s education began at home. Her mother taught her

many of the things she would have learned in an American school. A Chinese tutor taught Pearl other subjects. When she was seven, she began reading the works of British writer Charles Dickens. Many years later, after she had become a famous author, she said that Dickens’ writing style had the greatest influence on her own style. In 1920, Pearl’s first child was born. Her name was Carol. Doctors found that Carol had an unusual disease called PKU(苯丙酮尿症). This caused her to have trouble learning. But if it had not been for Carol’s health problems, her mother might never have become a famous writer. The reason was money. Pearl Buck needed a lot of it over the years to pay for her daughter’s care. So she tried writing books about the subject she knew best. Pearl Buck gave many speeches in America. She talked to young people about the importance of good education. She told them they needed to know more about other people around the world.23. What is Pearl Buck most famous for?24. What contributed to Pearl Buck’s success as a writer?25. What does this passage mainly tell us?

24．

A．The first American woman to win the Nobel Prize. B．Her various novels based on China. C．Her works in children’s literature.

D．Her successful stories at home and abroad.

正确答案：B

解析：细节推断题。短文开头交代了PearlBuck的相关信息：她是美国第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的女性，她写了一百多本书，但大多数人记住她是因为她写的以中国为题材的小说。

25．

A．The encouragement from her daughter. B．The influence of Dickens’ writing style. C．The influence of other cultures abroad. D．The money for her to take care of her child.

正确答案：D

解析：事实细节题。短文在提到Pearl Buck的女儿被诊断患有一种不寻常的疾病后说，要不是为了女儿的健康，这位母亲或许永远都成不了一位著名作家，其成为作家的原因就是“钱”。

26．

A．Pearl Buck’s successful career. B．Pearl Buck and her works. C．Pearl Buck’s life experiences.

D．Pearl Buck’s influence on the young.

正确答案：C

解析：主旨大意题。短文首先介绍了PearlBuck的个人成就，随后提及她早

期的生活、受到的教育以及她的成名，最后介绍了她回到美国后的贡献。综合以上信息可知，本文主要讲述了Pearl Buck的人生经历。

Section C

Right now ￡ 4 million has been spent targeting Britain’s party drinkers. A hard-hitting campaign of advertisements warns that excessive drinkers could risk horrifying【B1】______, and there could be health warnings on bottles of wine, or spirits. This is the government’s first national alcohol【B2】______movement. An actor in a reporter’s costume provides the drama, the Hollywood entertainer man then【B3】______the shock factor. Despite the inevitable thought, the punch line is surprisingly【B4】______”Drink! Have a good time! But know your limits!” The【B5】______audiences and consumers are in the 18 to 24 age range. This is what the young people themselves are saying. This is what would【B6】______the behavior of people when they’ve had too much to drink. Don’t think you can never be【B7】______. Know your limits. Don’t pretend to be brave. What about this then? The Department of Health told us they were about six months away from putting health warnings on individual cans and bottles. But the drinks industry wouldn’t accept hard-hitting messages like this. We are more likely to see slogans asking us to behave【B8】______Still, major research conducted this summer produced a highly skeptical overview of strategies like advertising and warning labels. Using worldwide scientific research, the report gives a score of ZERO【B9】______effectiveness. But it goes on to say that these techniques do have a surprising results since media approaches are important to gain public support for policy changes. So the researchers say the advertisements may not【B10】______us to drink less, but there is evidence that they soften it up for future government initiatives like stricter drink-driving laws, higher taxes on alcohol, or restrictions on the sale of alcohol.

27． 【B1】

正确答案：consequences

解析：语义推断题。空格前为形容词horrifying，故应填入名词。根据上下文和常识可知，过量饮酒可能会导致可怕的后果。结合录音可知，答案为consequences。

28． 【B2】

正确答案：awareness

解析：语义推断题。空格处与alcohol一起修饰movement，故应填入名词。根据上下文可知，这是一次政府宣传戒酒的大型活动，希望人们能够了解并认识到过量饮酒的危害。结合录音可知，答案为awareness。

29． 【B3】

正确答案：delivers

解析：主谓搭配题。此空所在句子缺少谓语动词，且主语为单数，故此处应填入动词第三人称单数形式。结合录音可知，答案为delivers。

30． 【B4】

正确答案：tolerant

解析：语义推断题。空格前为副词surprisingly，且与其一起在句中作表语，故此处应填入形容词或动词的现在分词形式。根据上下文可知，戏剧演出的最后一处高潮非常令人吃惊，它没有去劝人们不去喝酒，反而是非常宽容地说：“喝吧!享受吧!只要知道自己有多大的酒量就行。”结合录音可知，答案为tolerant。

31． 【B5】

正确答案：intended

解析：修饰关系题。此处修饰audiences，故应填入名词或形容词。根据句意可知，观众和消费者都是18到24岁，由此可知，观众和消费者是特定的群体。结合录音可知，答案为intended，意为“预期的”。intended audiences在这里可理解为“目标观众”。

32． 【B6】

正确答案：make a difference to

解析：句意推断题。分析句子结构可知，从句中缺少谓语动词，故应填入动词。结合录音可知，答案为make a difference to。

33． 【B7】

正确答案：conquered

解析：语义推断题。根据下文意思“要清楚你的极限”可推测，这是对上文的进一步解释，因此推测出此处意思应该是“不要认为你不可战胜”。结合录音可知，答案为conquered。

34． 【B8】

正确答案：sensibly 解析：语义推断题。空格前为动词behave，故应填入副词，修饰前边的动词。结合录音可知，答案为sensibly。

35． 【B9】

正确答案：with regard to

解析：语义推断题。此处意为“通过世界范围内的科学研究，报告指出这一

措施没有任何效果”。结合录音可知，答案为with regard to。

36． 【B10】

正确答案：convince

解析：固定搭配题。空格前为情态动词may及否定词not，故应填入动词，且能与后边的to构成固定搭配。结合录音可知，答案为convince。

Part III Reading Comprehension

Section A

Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano warned that we just can’t win, can we, airlines? Over the past several years, as more and more airlines began【C1】______for checking luggage on flights, passengers started getting savvier(精明的)about saving themselves some money by packing less—or maybe just by cramming everything they needed into carry-on size suitcases. But that, of course, has had its【C2】______too. Longer security lines, less space in overhead bins and even flight delays are caused by people who fail to understand what carry-on size luggage is, thereby being【C3】______to check their bags minutes before taking off. And now there’s more: Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano told Congress this week that the【C4】______in the number of people carrying on bags has come at a cost to taxpayers, to the tune of $ 260 million a year. How【C5】______does that work? Well, when you don’t check your bag in order to avoid checking fees, you are increasing the amount of baggage that then needs to be closely examined at the security checkpoint, which means more TSA personnel needed and more shifts needed to be filled. So in the end, that carry-on baggage isn’t【C6】______as you would like it to be. A $ 5 fee per one-way ticket is already【C7】______when you purchase airfare. Now Napolitano has proposed increasing that fee in order to【C8】______in as much as $ 600 million more dollars for her agency every year. Louisiana Senator Mary Landrieu asked whether airlines should be tasked to make up some of that【C9】______rather than charging passengers more. Thanks, Mary, but surely you know that the airlines will just make up for that【C10】______by increasing fares—or perhaps charging for oxygen.A)consequences F)levied K)similarityB)bring G)charging L)enhancedC)conclusion H)exactly M)increaseD)forced I)properly N)profiledE)cost J)difference O)free

37． 【C1】

正确答案：G

解析：动词辨析题。分析句子可知，本处是说越来越多的航空公司开始为托运行李——，且该词应能与后面的for进行搭配，G)charging“收费”符合题意。

38． 【C2】

正确答案：A 解析：名词辨析题。上一句提到少带一些行李或者把他们所有需要的东西装进随身携带的箱子里，本句用But这个转折词表示这种现象造成了一些后果，再结合后一句“空间变小、延迟航班”等，不难判断，这种现象造成了一种不好的结果，A)consequences一般表示不好的结果，符合题意。

39． 【C3】

正确答案：D

解析：动词辨析题。由前半句可知乘客未能理解箱子的尺寸，本句说因而需要检查行李，结合选项可知，D)forced“强迫”符合题意。

40． 【C4】

正确答案：M

解析：名词辨析题。Janet Napolitano说这个费用已经到了纳税人的标准，因此根据句意推断此处需填一个与“增长”有关的词，M)increase“增加，增长”符合题意。

41． 【C5】

正确答案：H

解析：副词辨析题。How exactly意为”究竟怎样”，因此H)exactly“精确地，准确地”符合题意。

42． 【C6】

正确答案：O

解析：形容词辨析题。文中前面说过有些乘客为了避免交钱而不托运行李，到最后却不像他们想象的那样能免费，因此O)free“免费的”符合题意。

43． 【C7】

正确答案：F 解析：动词辨析题。结合句意分析，那5美元的费用已经在你购买机票时 了，因此要填一个与“扣除，征收”有关的词，F)levied“征收”符合题意。

44． 【C8】

正确答案：B

解析：动词辨析题。Napolitano说增加那项费用是为了——6亿美元……，所填词与in搭配，且表示“赚钱”的意思，故B)bring符合句意，bring in意为

“挣到，赚到”。

45． 【C9】

正确答案：J

解析：名词辨析题。通过文章前半部分可知，航空公司把托运行李的费用加在机票费用里，而不是直接向乘客索要托运行李费，以补足那部分差额，可知J)difference“不同，差别”符合题意。

46． 【C10】

正确答案：E

解析：名词辨析题。本句意思是航空公司通过其他方式弥补——，推知此处需填一个与“费用”有关的词，E)cost“花费”符合题意。

Section B

Intellectual PropertyA)The phrase intellectual property(IP)refers to the bundle of legal rights that arise from the creative genius of the human mind. IP rights play an important role in the economic prosperity of a country and serve as a motivating force for creative individuals to share their genius with society. Like real and personal property rights protect one’s ownership interest in tangible(有形的)objects, such as land and automobiles, IP rights protect one’s ownership interest in intangible objects, such as the idea behind an invention, the music score for a Broadway play and the name or logo used to brand a product. Without enforcement of these rights in the law, it would be difficult for society to prosper and grow. In this article, you will learn what intellectual property rights are and the differences between its various forms. General IntroductionB)When most people think of intellectual property rights, patents, trademarks and copyrights come to mind. This core set of IP rights reward and protect the creative works of inventors, authors, owners and sellers of goods and services in the marketplace. While the legal principles that underlie each of these rights are distinct, they each share a common set of principles.C)An award of patent, trademark or copyright protection requires a delicate balance between the interests of the inventor or author and the interest of society as a whole. This balance is very much like the tradeoff required by zoning(城市分区规划)laws, which attempt to protect the ownership interest and exclusive right to use that a land owner has with society’s interest in the limited use of the owner’s land for society’s greater good. Public utility easements and right of ways are examples of this balance.D)The grant of a patent on an important invention of a lifesaving drug represents a similar set of tradeoffs. Is it fair to the inventor to allow society free access to the patented drug? Is it fair to society to be denied access for its greater good? It is the role of intellectual property law to harmonize these seemingly conflicting interests.E)Intellectual property rights also foster a competitive marketplace. They do so by encouraging disclosure of innovation through protecting the fruits of that innovation for a period of time.

Disclosure allows others to build and improve upon prior innovation so that the state of the art continues to evolve and develop. Without the benefits provided by intellectual property protection, the marketplace would not operate effectively. Imagine what the world would be like if every competitor had to continuously “reinvent the wheel” rather than being able to refine and improve upon the works of others.F)Finally, intellectual property rights are regional in nature and the conditions of their grant and enforceability are governed by the laws of each jurisdiction(管辖区域). A US patent can be only granted and enforced in accordance with the laws of the United States. A trademark can only be registered and enforced in Canada in accordance with the laws of Canada, and a copyright can only be registered and enforced in Mexico in accordance with its laws. While there is a desire to be somewhat uniform and consistent, countries have different approaches to intellectual property rights protection. Variations in the procedure for obtaining IP rights account for a large percentage of these difference, rather than the differences in the substantive rights granted in each country.G)The words “patent” and “trademark” are often used interchangeably. Many times, we hear that a patent is used to protect a logo and that a trademark is used to protect an invention, and vice versa. While patents and trademarks may be associated with the same product, the two words have very different meanings and refer to very different forms of intellectual property rights. They can seldom be used interchangeably, as the underlying rights that each protects is quite different in nature. What Is a Patent?H)In general, a patent is used to protect the intellectual property rights associated with the design of a product or process. US patents are issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office and are enforceable only within the US and its possession. A US patent has no effect outside the US. A patent gives the patent owner the “exclusive right” to stop others from making, using, selling or offering for sale the product, or process of making the product, that is described by the patent claims. It is important to note that a patent does not give the patent owner the right to exploit the patented invention himself. The patent owner has only the “exclusive right” to stop others from doing so.I)In other words, just because you obtain a patent on your product does not mean that you can actually use the product. You may be blocked by an earlier patent owner who exercises the “exclusive right” granted to him under his patent. This is an important distinction and the following example will help to explain it. Suppose that the invention covered by your patent is a chair with four legs, a seat, a back and a pair of rockers—a rocking chair. Under your patent, you have the exclusive right to stop others from making, using, selling or offering for sale your patented rocking chair. Let’s assume, however, that the rockers on your rocking chair are unique and are covered by an earlier patent to someone else. The rocker patent owner has the exclusive right under his patent to stop others(including you)from using his patented rockers. Your use of the patented rockers on your rocking chair would constitute infringement(侵权)of the rocker patent. J)So while you received a patent for your rocking chair, you will not be able to actually make, use, sell or offer for sale the chair without first obtaining permission from the rocker patent owner. The rocker patent owner is not required to give you permission, however, and can keep your rocking

chair off the market if he chooses to do so. It might make better sense, of course, for the rocker patent owner to participate in your success by giving his permission in exchange for a licensing fee. The term for a patent is 20 years from the filing date of the patent application from which leads to the patent.What Are Trademarks?K)Like patents, trademark registrations in the US are issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office. While a patent protects a product from unauthorized copying through the patent owner’s exclusive right to stop others from making, using, selling or offering for sale the patented product, a trademark addresses the need for product identification, or branding, among consumers of the product. Thus, a trademark has nothing to do with preventing a product from being copied. That is the role of a patent. L)The United States Patent and Trademark Office defines a trademark as any word, name, symbol, or device, or any combination, used, or intended to be used, in commerce to identify and distinguish the goods of one manufacturer or seller from goods manufactured or sold by others, and to indicate the source of the goods. In short, a trademark is a brand name. What Is a Copyright? M)A copyright protects the expression of an idea. Unlike a patent which protects the idea itself, the copyright protects only the expression. The idea of the chair with four legs discussed above can be protected by a patent. The expression of that idea through drawings, pictures and words can be protected by a copyright. In order to qualify for copyright protection, a work must be original to the author. However, a work still qualifies for copyright protection even if it includes non-original elements. For example, if an author rearranges non-original elements in an original way, the compilation will be considered to be original and qualified for copyright protection. Depending on when the work was created, the period of copyright protection begins when the work is created and terminates 70 years after the death of the author.

47． IP rights protect the logo of a product.

正确答案：A

解析：细节推断题。定位句提到知识产权保护无形的东西，如一个发明背后的创意、百老汇的乐谱、产品品牌的名称和商标等都受到知识产权的保护，这与题干中的“知识产权保护产品的品牌名称”相符。

48． The definition of trademark mentioned in the passage is made by the United States Patent and Trademark Office.

正确答案：L

解析：同义转述题。题干指出，文章中提到的商标的定义是由美国专利商标局制定的，这与定位句表述一致。题干中的definition是对原文中defines的同义转述。

49． IP rights promote a competitive marketplace by only offering protection for a certain period of time.

正确答案：E

解析：同义转述题。题干指出，知识产权仅提供一个特定时期的保护这一举措促进了市场竞争。题干中的promote是对原文中foster的同义转述。

50． The United States Patent only has effect within the US and its possession.

正确答案：H

解析：同义转述题。定位段指出，美国颁发的专利只在美国有效，题干中的has effect是对原文中are enforceable的同义转述。

51． The big difference among countries in IP rights protection is the procedure for obtaining IP rights.

正确答案：F

解析：同义转述题。定位句指出，各个国家对知识产权保护方面最大的不同其实在于申请程序上的区别。题干中的The big difference是对定位句中a large percentage of these difference的同义转述，因此F)为答案。

52． The period of copyright protection is decided by the time when the work was created.

正确答案：M

解析：细节推断题。定位句提到，根据作品创作的时间，版权保护的时间自作品被创作之日起开始，在作者去世70年后终止。因此，版权保护的时间取决于作品创作的时间。

53． When issuing IP protection, an important matter is the balance between the interests of the inventor or author and that of the society.

正确答案：C

解析：细节辨认题。定位句指出，专利的颁发、商标或版权的保护都需要在发明者或作者的利益与整个社会的利益之间进行谨慎地平衡。而“专利的颁发、商标或版权的保护”与题干中的When issuing IP protection意思相同。

54． The patent protects the idea itself while the copyright is designed to protect only the expression.

正确答案：M

解析：细节辨认题。定位句提到，与专利保护想法本身不同的是，版权保护的只是想法的表达形式。题干与定位句表述的意思一致。

55． In the US, the trademark registrations and the patent are granted by the same office.

正确答案：K

解析：同义转述题。定位旬指出，与专利一样，美国的商标注册也是由美国专利商标局负责。由此可知，专利和商标注册是在同一个部门进行。题干是对定位旬的同义转述。

56． The inventor of the rocker chair may not be able to launch the chair into the market because the rocker in the chair is protected by the patent.

正确答案：I

解析：同义转述题。I)段通过摇椅专利的例子来解释专利之间的关系，并指出，“你在你的摇椅上使用摇轴可能会构成对摇轴专利拥有者的侵权”。因此，即使拥有摇椅的专利，在获得摇轴的专利之前，还是不能把摇椅大量投放市场。由此可知，摇椅上的摇轴受专利保护。题干是对定位句的同义转述。

Section C

It’s a parlor game in publishing circles to speculate how long it will take before e-books constitute a majority of the industry’s sales in the US. But no one doubts that that is where the market is headed. Last week, the Association of American Publishers announced that in January, for the first time, monthly e-book sales had overtaken hard covers. Paperbacks remain in the lead, for now. E-books are by far the fastest-growing segment of the otherwise sluggish(反应迟缓的), recession-plagued publishing business. In 2010 e-book sales jumped 164%, to $441 million. “The acceleration has been quick and dramatic, and in some ways the uptake may get faster if physical outlets for books, like Borders stores, disappear faster than expected,” says Michael Cader, founder and editor of trade e-newsletter Publishers Lunch. After Borders, the second largest bookstore chain in the country, declared bankruptcy last month, the question arose as to whether the popularity of e-books had caused its demise. While industry experts say it was only part of the reason for the Ann Arbor, Mich. -based chain’s collapse, its poor showing in the e-book arena certainly accelerated the former retailing powerhouse’s fall. In contrast, rival Barnes & Noble sells its own popular e-reader, the Nook, and has long maintained B&N. com, which features a vibrant store that has seen its e-book sales take off. Still, both chains are light-years behind Amazon, creator of the Kindle, by far the best-selling e-reader in the market. Despite the growing popularity of e-books, they pose a challenge for publishers. The industry still makes over 90% of its revenue from print. That means major publishers like Random House have had to maintain their print business while at the same time growing their digital side. “The trick is not that the digital isn’t profitable,” says Cader. “Digital at its current level makes few or none of the costs of running a print business go away.” That means big warehouses, broad sales forces and extensive systems. The hope, of course, is that in time, digital will be cheaper to produce, but currently, publishers face a big expense in converting to digital. What’s more, publishing has always been based on economies of scale, and with a reduction

of the number of paper books, printing is becoming more expensive. So are print books going to disappear? That’s not in the cards—at least not yet, say experts. “Formats to which lots of people are attached often take a longer time to go away,” says Cader. He compares publishing to the music business, in which CD sales have dropped significantly but not ended. And books were around a long time before CDs. Also, certain genres aren’t practical as e-books. “It doesn’t make sense yet for digital cookbooks, travel books, information books and textbooks,” says McQuivey.

57． From the first paragraph, we know that there’s a consensus as to______. A．where the future book market will be oriented B．whether e-books and paperbacks can co-exist

C．when e-books will dominate the publishing industry D．how publishers can perform well in the e-book arena

正确答案：A

解析：细节辨认题。由第一段前两句可知，猜测多久之后电子书能占据美国出版业销售的主导地位是出版界的一种游戏。但是没有人怀疑那是市场的未来走向。因此人们已经达成的共识是A)“未来图书市场的走向”。

58． According to Michael Cader, the bankruptcy of Borders______. A．could have been avoided B．was an inevitable outcome

C．announced the end of paperbacks D．hindered the development of e-books

正确答案：B

解析：细节推断题。由定位句可知，MichaelCader认为电子书的销售额激增来势迅猛、引人注目，从某些方面来说，如果像博德士这样的实体书店比预期消失得更早，那么人们对此的接受可能会来得更快。由此推断博德士的破产是人们预料中的事情，是一种必然的结果，因此答案为B)。

59． What partly contributed to the collapse of Borders? A．The failure in promoting e-books. B．The lack of fund and sales force. C．The insufficient market survey.

D．The delay in the e-book competition.

正确答案：D

解析：细节辨认题。由定位句可知，尽管行业专家说电子书的流行只是博德士倒闭的部分原因，然而它在电子书市场上姗姗来迟的确加速了昔日图书零售大鳄的垮台。因此博德士连锁书店破产部分原因是D)“在电子书竞争中延误时机”。

60． What poses a challenge for publishers though e-books are becoming more

popular?

A．The shortage of technical support.

B．The big expense in converting to digital. C．The little profit obtained from e-books. D．The difficulty of market evaluation.

正确答案：B

解析：事实细节题。第四段主要论述电子书对出版商提出的挑战。该段倒数第二句提到，出版商希望将来生产数字图书的成本会降低，但是目前出版商在转向数字图书的过程中面临一笔巨大的花费。可见出版商所面临的挑战是向电子书转化所需要的一大笔费用，因此答案为B)。

61． By comparing publishing to the music business, Cader means______. A．print books and e-books have their own advantages B．publishing business turns out to have a longer history C．print books will not be completely replaced by e-books D．e-books will definitely replace print books eventually

正确答案：C

解析：细节推断题。由定位句可知，Cader认为许多人都依恋的形式总是需要更长的时间才会消失。他将出版业与音乐行业进行比较：在音乐行业中，CD唱片的销售量已经大幅度下降，却并没有终结。而印刷图书在CD唱片出现之前很早就出现了。由此推断出C)”印刷图书不会被电子书完全取代”。

Lonely people, it seems, are at greater risk than the gregarious(爱交际的)of developing illnesses associated with chronic inflammation(炎症), such as heart disease and certain cancers. A paper published last year in the Public Library of Science, Medicine shows the effect on mortality of loneliness is comparable with that of smoking and drinking after examining the results of 148 previous studies and controlled for factors such as age and pre-existing illness. Steven Cole of the University of California, Los Angeles, thinks he may know why this is so. He told the American Association for the Advancement of Science(AAAS)meeting in Washington, D. C. , about his work studying the expression of genes in lonely people. Dr. Cole harvested samples of white blood cells from both lonely and gregarious people. He then analyzed the activity of their genes, as measured by the production of a substance called messenger RNA. This molecule carries instructions from the genes telling a cell which proteins to make. The level of messenger RNA from most genes was the same in both types of people. There were several dozen genes, however, that were less active in the lonely, and several dozen others that were more active. Moreover, both the less active and the more active gene types came from a small number of functional groups. Broadly speaking, the genes less active in the lonely were those involved in staving off(避开)viral infections. Those that were more active were involved in protecting against bacteria. Dr. Cole suspects this could help explain not only why the lonely are iller, but how, in evolutionary terms, this odd state of affairs has come

about. For inflammation is an antibacterial response. The crucial bit of the puzzle is that viruses have to be caught from another infected individual and they are usually species-specific. Bacteria, in contrast, often just lurk in the environment, and may thrive on many hosts. The gregarious are therefore at greater risk than the lonely of catching viruses, and Dr. Cole thus suggests that past evolution has created a mechanism(the details of which remain unclear)which causes white cells to respond appropriately. Conversely, the lonely are better off ramping up their protection against bacterial infection, which is a bigger relative risk to them. What Dr. Cole seems to have revealed, then, is a mechanism by which the environment(in this case the social environment)reaches inside a person’s body and tweaks its genome so that it responds appropriately. It is not that the lonely and the gregarious are genetically different from each other. Rather, their genes are regulated differently, according to how sociable an individual is. Dr. Cole thinks this regulation is part of a wider mechanism that tunes individuals to the circumstances they find themselves in. Where it goes wrong is when loneliness becomes chronic, and the inflammatory response becomes chronic at the same time.

62． What risk may lonely people run according to the first paragraph? A．They can have the same risk as the gregarious. B．They may have symbols of early aging. C．They may fall victim to chronic illnesses. D．They may undergo more severe illnesses.

正确答案：C

解析：事实细节题。第一段主要介绍了《科学公共图书馆一一医学》上一篇论文的观点，与爱交际的人相比，孤独的人似乎患与慢性炎症相关的疾病的风险更大，孤独对死亡率的影响能与抽烟和酗酒相提并论。由此可见，孤独的人面临的风险是C)“他们可能成为慢性疾病的受害者”。

63． Dr. Cole made an analysis of the activity of the genes by______. A．measuring the level of messenger RNA

B．instructing the production of certain proteins C．calculating the number of more active gene types D．comparing less active genes with more active ones

正确答案：A

解析：细节辨认题。由定位句可知，Cole博士从孤独的人和爱交际的人那里收集了白细胞样本，然后靠测量一种叫作信使RNA的物质的数量分析了他们基因的活性，或者说通过测量信使RNA的含量来分析基因活性，即答案为A)。

64． Broadly speaking, the genes more active in the lonely______. A．helped to avoid infections resulting from viruses B．participated in guarding against bacteria

C．came from a few different functional groups D．existed only as a small group

正确答案：B

解析：细节辨认题。由定位句可知，广泛来说，孤独的人体内活性较低的基因是那些帮助人们避开病毒感染的基因。而那些活性较高的基因帮助人们抵抗细菌，因此答案为B)“参与抵抗细菌”。

65． What can we know about viruses and bacteria from the fourth paragraph? A．Viruses often remain hidden in the environment.

B．Bacteria are passed to other people by the infected individual. C．The lonely people can catch viruses more easily.

D．Viruses pose a greater threat to the gregarious than bacteria.

正确答案：D

解析：事实细节题。根据第四段前三句可知，病毒只有通过另一个已被感染此病毒的人才能传染给某个人，并且病毒通常有其一对一的特殊宿主。相比之下，细菌经常潜伏在周罔环境中，并且宿主众多。所以爱交际的人比孤独的人更易感染病毒。由此可见，病毒较之细菌对爱交际的人的威胁更大。故答案为D)。

66． What message does Dr. Cole seem to convey by the mechanism? A．The lonely people differ in genes from the gregarious people.

B．Sociability can adjust a person’s genome and make it work properly. C．The lonely people can become sociable if they regulate their genes. D．Individuals have to find their own ways to adapt to the environment.

正确答案：B

解析：细节归纳题。由最后一段前三句可知，Cole博士似乎已经揭示出这样一种机制，社交环境可以影响人们体内的生化活动，调整人体内的基因组以让其作出恰当的反应。这并非说孤独的人和爱交际的人在基因上有所不同，而是根据交际程度的不同，这两种人以不同的方式调控各自的基因。归纳上述内容得出，交际程度能调整人的基因组，使它得以良好运作，因此答案为B)．

Part Ⅳ Translation

67． 中国结(The Chinese Knot)是一种古老的艺术形式。人们发现，绳结可以追溯到10万年前。中国人不仅用绳结来固定、包裹、狩猎、捕鱼，还用来记录事件，而且有些绳结纯粹起装饰作用。中国结具有文化内涵(cultural connotation)。由于结在汉语中的发音与“吉’’相近，吉的意思为“福、禄、寿、喜、财、安、康”，这是中国人永恒的追求，因此有些中国结表达出人们的各种愿望。例如：新婚夫妇的房间通常用一个盘长结(Pan-chang Knot)来装饰，象征着永恒的爱情。

正确答案： The Chinese Knot is an ancient art form and the artifacts could

be found as far back as 100 000 years ago. Chinese people used knots for more than just fastening, wrapping, hunting, fishing. Knots were also used to record events, and some knots had purely ornamental functions. The Chinese Knot has cultural connotations. Since knot is pronounced as “jie” in Chinese similar with that of “Ji”, which means blessing, good salary, longevity, happiness, fortune, safety and health and is the everlasting pursuit of Chinese people, some Chinese Knots express people’s various hopes. For example, the room of newly weds is usually decorated with a Pan-Chang Knot to symbolize eternal love.