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形容词副词教案-Rachel

来源:伴沃教育
第三节 形容词adj&副词adv

一、形容词:

一)形容词的定义:修饰名词或代词(人或事物),表示名词或代词的性质,特征或属性一种词类;

二)形容词的用法(位置):

1. 形容词修饰名词,并且放在名词的前面,这时形容词在句子中作定语

例如: a beautiful lady、a tall man、a big house A beautiful lady is standing in front of a tall man. 2. 形容词放在be动词的后面,这时形容词在句子中作表语/主语补足语。

例如:The lady is tall. (tall在句子中作表语,说明lady是怎么样的) The beautiful lady is tall. (beautiful在句子中作定语,tall作表语) The beautiful lady is tall and slim.

3. 形容词放在连系动词(become成为、seem看起来、taste尝起来、look看起来、smell

闻起来、feel摸起来/感觉、turn变成,等等)后面,在句子中作表语/主语补足语。 例如:The leaf (叶子) turned yellow.树叶变黄了。

She looks beautiful./ He looks handsome. 她看起来漂亮。/他看来帅气。 The food taste good. 这些食物好吃。 The sweater feels soft. (柔软的;舒服的) He becomes careful. (小心的) 他变得小心了。 The flower smells very good. 花闻起来很香。

Everything seems good. 一切看起来都好。

4. 形容词作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。如:We must try our best to keep our

environment clean.(我们必须尽力保持我们的环境清洁) 5. 形容词后置的情况:

①修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。如:Something serious has happened to him.(他发生了严重的事故) ②与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。如:He’s 1.8 metres tall.(他身高1.8米。)The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth.(月球离地38万公里)

二、副词:

一)副词的定义:用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度,在句子中作状语或表语的一类词; 二)副词的种类:

1.时间副词——确定句子时态的重要标志,牢固掌握不同时态的时间状语。如: Lucy went to school yesterday.(一般过去时时间状语) She has already arrived there.(现在完成时时间状语) 2.地点副词——与动词连用时不加介词。如:

I must go home now.(不是go to home) That boy rushed upstairs.(不是rushed to upstairs) 3.方式副词——大多数由“形容词+ly”构成。(构词法)如:

happy—happily bad—badly quick—quickly easy—easily

4.程度副词——有些程度副词可以修饰形容词原级,有些能修饰形容词比较级。如: Jessica is a very beautiful woman. This bag is much better than that one.

5.疑问副词——用来构成特殊疑问句。如:when where how why When is your mother’s birthday? Where is your home?

6.关系副词——用来引导从句,如:He works in a bank where there is no money. 7.频度副词:有often,usually,never等。频度副词

频度副词是表示动作发生频率的一类副词,属于时间副词的一种。常用频度副词 always>usually>often>sometimes>hardly/seldom>never

频度副词的位置:在be动词、情态动词和助动词之后;实义动词之前。如: She is always kind to us. “她对我们总是很好。”

The work has never been done.“这项工作永远也做不完。” He often goes to school early.“他常常很早到校。”

三)副词在句子中的位置以及作用: ⑴作状语:

①时间副词:一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾,already、just一般放在动词的前面。如:

We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.(我们明天要去参观长城) / They have already been to the UK twice.(他们去过英王国两次) /

Soon the lost boy found his way back home.(不久迷路的孩子找到了回家的路) Can you meet me tomorrow?

<注>当强调时间状语时,可以把时间副词放在句首。如: Tomorrow I will meet you.

② 频度副词:一般放在be动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之间,但sometimes、often等还可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、three times等一般放在句尾。如:

Sometimes I get up early.(我有时起得早)/

The workers usually have lunch at the factory.(工人们通常在厂里吃午饭) / Take this medicine twice a day.(这种药一天吃两次)

③ 方式副词:一般放在行为动词之后,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前。如: Old people can hardly walk as quickly as young people. (老年人几乎不可能走得和年轻人一样快) / Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave(山洞). (突然,在黑黢黢的山洞里,他看见了一丝亮光)

Please speak loudly.

④ 地点副词:一般放在句尾,但here、there还可放在句首。(地点+时间) 如:

There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions(方向). (在那里,你可以看到成千上万的自行车朝各个方向流动) / The frightened wolf ran away.(受到惊吓的狼逃开了)/ I will wait for you here.

He walked out quietly and turned back soon.(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回)

⑤ 程度副词:修饰动词时,放在be动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实动词之前。如:

She is too young. I really like that boy. 修饰形容词或副词时,放在形容词或副词之前。如:Harbin is a very big city.(修饰形容词) He studies much harder now. (修饰副词)

但注意,enough总是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面;如: He runs fast enough.

only位置比较灵活,总是放在被修饰的词的前面。如: I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again. (如果他不再次告诉我,我几乎把那事全忘了) / It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears. (它那么奇怪一直我都不能相信我的耳朵) /

She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus. (她早早地赶到车站赶上了首班车)

⑥ 疑问副词:用于对句子的状语进行提问,位置总是在句首。如:When and where were you born?(你何时何地出生?)/ Why did little Edison sit on some eggs?(小爱迪生为什么要坐在鸡蛋上?)/ How do you do?(你好!)

⑦ 连接副词:用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,在从句中作状语。

How I am going to kill the cat is still a question.(我打算怎样杀死那只猫还是个问题)/ That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger.(那就是人人都害怕老虎的原因) / He wondered how he could do it the next day.(他不知道第二天怎样做那事)

⑧ 关系副词:用来引导定语从句,在从句中作状语。如:

This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived.(这就是张先生曾经住过的地方)/ Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well. (请告诉我你的英语是怎样学得这么好的方法)

⑨ 其它副词:too“也”,用在句尾;also放在动词前;either “也不”,放在句尾;nor“也不”,放在句首;so“如此,这样”,放在形容词、副词前;on/off“开/关”放在动词之后;not放在be之后、助动词之后、不定式或动名词之前;maybe/perhaps放在句首;certainly放在句首或动词之前。如:

He went to the Palace Museum and I went there,too.(他去了故宫博物院,我也去了) / Maybe your ticket is in your inside pocket.(也许你的票就在你的里边衣袋里) / --Tom doesn’t have a computer. –Nor do I.(汤姆没有计算机,我也没有。)

(2)作表语:地点副词一般可以作表语,放在be等连系动词之后,说明人物所处的位置。如: I’m very sorry he isn’t in at the moment.(很抱歉,他此刻不在家)/

I have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years.(我离开家乡有将近20年了) Jim is over there.(吉姆就在那边)

(3)作定语:时间副词(如now、then)以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语,放在名词的后面。如:

People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants. (现在的人们经常在餐馆里吃节日晚宴) /

Women there were living a terrible life in the 1920s. (在二十世纪20年代那儿的女人过着可怕的日子)

(4)作宾语补足语:地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。如: Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell! (吉姆,把你的脏袜子拿开!它们在散发着臭气。) /

Father kept him in and doing his lessons.(父亲把他关在家里做作业) [注意] “动词+副词”的宾语如果是代词,则该副词应该放在代词之后。如:He wrote down the word.(他写下了那个词。)→He wrote it down.(他把它写了下来。)

注:副词的排序

时间、地点副词,小单位在前,大单位在后。如:

Come to see me at 3 o’clock(小时间) in the afternoon.(大时间) 方式副词,短的在前,长的在后。如: Please write slowly and carefully.

多个不同副词排序:程度+方式+地点+时间 如:

He walked very fast outside this morning.“今天早晨他在外面走得很快。”

四)形近副词辨析 ❖ close & closely

close“接近”closely“仔细地”

He is sitting close to me.“他挨着我坐着。” I watch him closely.“我仔细地打量他。” ❖ late & lately

late“晚”lately“最近”

Don’t go to school too late.“上学别太晚了。”

Is there anything new lately?“最近有什么新消息么?” ❖ deep & deeply

deep“深”表示空间深度;deeply“深深地”表示感情上的深度。 The boy went deep into the forest.“那个男孩走进了丛林深处。” I love you deeply.“我深深的爱着你。” ❖ high & highly

high“高”表示空间上的高度;highly“高”表示程度,相当于much。 The plane was flying high.“飞机飞得高。”

I think highly of your opinion.“我仔细考虑你的观点。” ❖ wide & widely

wide“宽”表示空间上的宽度;widely“广泛地”“在许多地方”表示抽象的含义。 He opened the door wide.“他把门开大。”

English is widely used in the world.“英语在全世界被广泛的应用。” ❖ free & freely

free“免费”;freely“无限制地”

You can eat free in my restaurant.“你可以在我的餐厅免费用餐。” You may speak freely.“你可以畅所欲言。” ❖ hard & hardly

hard“努力地,辛苦地,剧烈地,猛烈地”表示程度;hardly“几乎不”表示否定。 We should study hard.“我们应该努力学习。”

I can hardly catch up with you.“我快跟不上你了。” ❖ too, as well, also与either

都表示“也”too, as well, also都用在肯定句中,too 和as well常常放在句尾;also与动词连用,常放在句中。either用在否定句中,往往放在句尾。如:

He went there too / as well. = He also went there. “他也去那里了。” He didn’t go there either.“他也没去那里。” ❖ too, enough与so

too“太,很”too……to结构“太……而不能……”;enough“足够”……enough to“足够……做……”;so“如此” so……that……“如此……以至于……”。 如: Robert is too young to go to school. = Robert is not old enough to go to school.

= Robert is so young that he can not go to school.“罗伯特太小了不能去上学。” ❖ much too与too much

much too“非常,极其,太”,修饰形容词或副词,加强语气。too much“太多”,修饰不可数名词,与too many相似。如:

This book is much too dear.“这本书太贵了。”

Please don’t eat too much ice cream.“请别吃太多冰激凌。” ❖ already, yet与still

already, yet“已经”标准的现在完成时时间状语,already用在肯定句中,表示事情已经发生,yet用在否定和疑问句中,表示期待某事发生。still“仍然”,表示事情还在进行。如: We’ve already watched that film.“我们已经看过那部电影。” I haven’t finished my homework yet.“我还没有完成我的作业。” He still works until late every night.“每天晚上他仍然工作到很晚。” ❖ ago与before

ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”,常用在一般过去时的句子中;before表示以过去或将来的某一时刻为起点的“以前”,常用在现在完成时,过去完成时和一般过去时的句子中。如: The meeting began five minutes ago.“回忆五分钟之前开始了。” I have never been to Harbin before.“我以前从未去过哈尔滨。” ❖ how long, how soon, how often与how far

how long“多久,多长时间”对一个持续的时间段提问,常用“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”来回答。如:

A: How long have you been in China? B: For three months.

how soon“多快,多久以后”对一个短暂性动作提问,常用“in+时间段”来回答,常用于一般将来时中。如:

A: How soon will he come back? B: In five minutes.

how often“多长时间一次”,对频度进行提问,常用“once,twice,数字+times+时间”来回答。如:

A: How often do you visit your grandparents? B: Once a week. how far“多远”对距离提问。如:

A: How far is it from your home to your school? B: About two kilometers.

So(adv.),such(adj.)的区别:

1、so为副词,用于修饰形容词和副词;such为形容词,用于修饰名词。

2、单数名词前有不定冠词与形容词时,so和such的位置不同。前者为“so+形容词+冠词

+名词”,后者为“such +冠词+形容词+名词”。

3、so后即使有形容词,也不能修饰复数名词或不数名词,而such则可以。

4、名词前有表示“多、少”意义的many,much,few,little等修饰词时,要用so,不用such。

5、当little表示“小”的意思修饰可数名词时,其前只能用such,不能用so。 so,such的用法:

so (adv.)表示“如此”、“这样”的意思.用作副词,修饰形容词和副词.主要结构有: 1、so +adj.+a/an +可数名词单数+that从句 2、so+adj./adv.+that从句

3、so+many/few/much/little+复数可数名词/不可数名词+that从句

such(adj.)表示“如此”“这样”的意思.用作形容词,修饰名词.主要结构有: 1、such+a/an+adj.+单数可数名词+that从句 2、such+adj.+不可数名词+that从句 3、such+adj.+复数可数名词+that从句 扩展资料:

accordingly,consequently,hence,so,therefore,thus这些连接副词均有“因此,所以”之意。

(1)accordingly书面用词,强调根据某种原因而得出的结果,其前可用冒号或分号,但不用逗号。

(2)consequently正式用词,侧重符合逻辑的结果。

(3)hence较正式用词,指接下来的东西是理所当然的必需的东西,但强调其重要性。 (4)so用于比较随便的场合,口语中多用。

(5)therefore通常指引出一个推断出的必然结论。 (6)thus多用于书面语中,可与therefore换用。

第四节 形容词、副词的比较级&最高级

一、形容词(副词)原级的用法(原级即形容词的原形)

1、一些副词如very,so,too,enough,quite等修饰形容词或副词的原级。如; The boy is too young.

2、表示A与B在某方面程度相同或者不同时用形容词(副词)的原级。 (1)肯定句中的结构:“A…+as+形容词(副词)的原级 + as + B” English is as interesting as Chinese. Li Lei runs as fast as Li Hua.

(2)否定句中的结构:“A…+ not + as/so + 形容词(副词)原级 + as + B” This book isn’t so new as that one. I can’t type as/so fast as my brother.

(3)否定句的结构中,部分双音节和多音节形容词(副词)除使用“not…as/so+ 形

容词(副词)原级+ as”的结构外,还可以使用“less+形容词(副词)原级+than”的结构

He thinks Chinese is less interesting than English.

(4)表示“A是B的……倍”时,用“A…+ 倍数 + as + 形容词(副词)原级+ as +

B”结构。(一倍:once,两倍:twice,三倍及以上:基数词+times)

Our school is three times as big as theirs.

(5)half as + 形容词(副词)原级 + as 表示“……是……的一半” Her room is half as big as yours.

二、比较级和最高级的构成 一)单词音节的划分:

由于元音字母是音节的心脏,给单词划分音节时,首先要找到的就是单词中的元音字母,每找到一个元音字母,就找到了一个音节中,就找到了一个音节。但英语单词词尾的元音字母e常常不发音,这个不发音的e不算成一个音节中,要去掉。 二)具体构成规则: 规则变化

1.单音节以及少数双音节的词后面直接加-er 或 -est 原级 tall smart short 2.以不发音的e结尾只加-r或-st 原级 nice fine large 原级 easy pretty happy funny busy 比较级 nicer finer larger 比较级 easier prettier happier funnier busier 最高级 nicest finest largest 最高级 easiest prettiest happiest funniest busiest 比较级 taller smarter shorter 最高级 tallest smartest shortest 3.“以辅音字母+y”结尾的词改y为i,再加-er或-est 特别提醒:词尾为“元音字母+y”时,y不变,直接加-er或-est。 Grey - greyer - greyest

4.以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写后面的辅音字母,再加-er或-est

原级 thin hot big 比较级 thinner hotter bigger 最高级 thinnest hottest biggest 特别提醒:new, few, slow, clean等词含有字母组合,且发的是长元音,不用双写。 5.大部分双音节词和多音节的词,要在前面加 more,most

原级 beautiful important interesting expensive popular 比较级 more beautiful more important more interesting more expensive more popular 最高级 most beautiful most important most interesting most expensive most popular 特别提醒:以形容前缀un构成的三音节形容词不适合上述情况, 如unhappy--unhappier--unhappiest, untidy--untidier--untidiest 6.以形容词+ly构成的副词要在前面加 more,most 原级 slowly quickly angrily softly noisily 比较级 more slowly more quickly more angrily more softly more noisily 最高级 most slowly most quickly most angrily most softly most noisily 特别提醒:early ----earlier----earliest

7.由ING分词和ED分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如know→known)只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级。 原级 interesting excited tired boring 不规则变化

原级 good/well bad/badly/ill many/much little old far 比较级 better worse more less older/elder farther/further 最高级 best worst most least oldest/eldest farthest/furthest 比较级 more interesting more excited more tired more boring 最高级 most interesting most exciting most tired most boring “两好,两坏,两多,一少,一老,一远” 不规则。

特别提醒:

◇further不仅可以指“距离更远”,还可指“程度更深”。

记住以下三个词组:further study(进修) further education(继续教育) further information (进一步的信息)

◇elder仅用于同辈之间的排行,如: elder sister(姐姐)elder brother (哥哥)

◇less作为“更少”仅用来修饰不可数名词,修饰可数名词表示“更少”要用fewer。

三、比较级的用法

1.“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更……”。

如:This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。 注意:

①在含有连词than的比较级中,前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴,即同类事物之间的比较。我们通常用that, those(the ones), one, ones代替前面出现的名词。that代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,those代替可数名词复数。one既可指人又可指物,只能代替可数名词。为避免重复,比较级中同样的动词用助动词do, does, did替代。 如: The weather of Shenyang is colder than that of Shanghai. I spend less time doing homework than John does. The weather in China is different from that in America.

The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk. A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.

误:In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than it of Shanghai. 正:In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai.

②可以用表示程度的副词,.a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等修饰形容词的比较级。 如:A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.

③ very, quite一般只能修饰原级,不能修饰比较级。

2.“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越……” 如:It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天来了,天气变得越来越暖和了。 It is getting cooler and cooler. 天气越来越凉爽。

The wind became more and more heavily. 风变得越来越大。

Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的学校变得越来越美丽。

3.在含有or的选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择,前面的形容词要用比较级形式。 如:Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高,Tim还是Tom?

4. “the +比较级……, the+比较级”,表示“越……越……”。 The more money you make, the more you spend. 钱你赚得越多,花得越多。

The sooner,the better.越快越好。

5. 表示倍数的比较级用法:

①. A is …times the size /height/length/width of B.

如:The new building is three times the height of the old one. 这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。(新楼是旧楼的四倍高) ②. A is …times as big /high/long/wide/large as B. 如:Asia is four times as large as Europe.

亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)

③. A is …times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.

如:Our school is twice bigger than yours.我们学校比你们学校大两倍。

6. 表示“两者之间比较···的一个(of the two)”时,常用“the+比较级” 结构。 Mary is the taller of the twins.

7.\"否定词语+比较级\",\"否定词语+ so… as\"结构表示最高级含义。 Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this.

=This is the easiest thing. I couldn't agree more.

8. 不含than 的比较级前可加不定冠词修饰,构成“a/an+比较级+单数可数名词”表示 “一个更……的人/物”。

Why don’t you use a sharper knife? 你为什么不用一把更锋利的刀呢? √比较级than 后应用人称代词的主格,但非正式语体中常用宾格。 He is taller than I/me.

9. 比较级与最高级的转换:

Mike is the most intelligent student in his class.

Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class.

注意:

√ 要避免重复使用比较级。

(错) He is more cleverer than his brother. (对) He is more clever than his brother.

(对) He is cleverer than his brother.

√ 要避免将主语含在比较对象中。any other 后面跟单数名词,表示“任何别的”,即主语在范围内,必须把自身从这一范围内除去,否则逻辑上不通。如果主语不在这一范围内,那么要把other去掉,只用any即可。等于比较级+than + the other +名词复数形式这一句型;

Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. (上海在中国这个范围内,所以用any other) Shanghai is larger than any city in Jiangsu. (上海不在江苏,所以只需用any)

(错) China is larger that any country in Asia.

(对) China is larger than any other country in Asia.

Daniel is the most hard-working student in our class.

Daniel is more hard-working than any other student in our class. Daniel is more hard-working than the other students in our class.

特别提醒:表示两者(人或物)比较时,比较的对象应是同类事物,不同类的事物之间无法进行比较

√ 要注意冠词的使用,后有名词的时候,前面才有可能有冠词。比较级前一般不加冠词。但表示两者中较突出者,且比较级后又有名词或出现了of the two,这时比较级前一定要加the。

He is the taller of the two.

Of the two jobs,he chose the harder. Which is the younger one, Lily or Lucy? 试比较:

Which is larger, Canada or Australia?

Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters. 比较:Which is larger, Canada or Australia?

Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters.

四、最高级的用法

1.表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式。形容词最高级前一般加定冠词the,句末常跟一个in或of短语来表示范围。 Shanghai is the biggest city in China.

2.表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时,用“which/who+ be +the +形容词最高级,A,B or C?”结构。

Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou?

3. 表示“最···的···之一”时, 用 “one of the+ 形容词最高级+可数名词复数” 结构。

Jay Chou is one of the most famous singers.

4. 形容词最高级前面可以加序数词,表示“第几最···” The yellow river is one of the second longest river in China.

5. 形容词最高级前面可以用物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格修饰,此时不能再用定冠词。

This is our best lesson today。

注意:

√ 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 (错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.

(对) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.

√ 下列词可修饰最高级:by far, far, much, mostly, almost。 T his hat is nearly / almost the biggest.

a. very可修饰最高级,但位置与much不同。 This is the very best. This is much the best.

b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。

Africa is the second largest continent.

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.

This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson.

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