Exercise Three
I. Definition
Directions: Define the following terms in English
1. antonymy
2. morphology
3. componential analysis
4. acronym
5. speech variety
II Blank filling
Directions: Fill in each blank in the following statements
1. Chomsky defines ________ as the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language, and performance the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication.
2. In English, conjunctions, prepositions, articles and pronouns consist of relatively few words and have been referred to as being ________ since new words
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are not usually added to them.
3. A fundamental fact about words in all human languages is that they can be grouped together into a relatively small number of classes, called ________.
4. While different words may have the same or similar meaning, the same one word may have more than one meaning. This is what we call ________.
5. ________, an important theory in the pragmatic study of language, was originated with the British philosopher John Austin in the late 50’s of the 20th century.
6. In sociolinguistic studies three types of speech variety are of special interest: regional dialects, ________, and registers.
7. Psycholinguistics relates the study of language to ________.
8. ________ is a kind of linguicism which can be defined as the promulgation of global ideologies through the worldwide expansion of one language.
9. There are four maxims under Cooperation Principle: the maxim of quantity, the maxim of quality, the maxim of ________, and the maxim of manner.
10. Phrases that are formed of more than one word usually contain the following elements: head, ________ and complement.
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III Multiple choice
Directions: There are four choices in each of the following statements. Choose the one that can best complete the statement.
1. Linguistics is the scientific study of __________.
A. a particular language
B. the English language
C. human languages in general
D. the system of a particular language
2. The consonant [f] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: __________.
A. voiceless, bilabial, stop B. voiceless, labiodental, fricative
C. voiced, bilabial, stop D. voiced, labiodental, fricative
3. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix \"ed\" in the word \"learned\" is known as a(n) __________.
A. derivational morpheme B. free morpheme
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C. inflectional morpheme D. free form
4. Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “light”. This shows: ______________________.
A. They cannot pronounce/n/
B. Interlangue interference because there is not the sound /n/in their mother tongue
C. The teachers do not have a good teaching method
D. They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds
5. \"I bought some roses\" __________ \"I bought some flowers\".
A. entails B. presupposes
C. is inconsistent with D. is synonymous with
6. Y's utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of __________.
X: Who was that you were with last night?
Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?
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A. quality B. quantity C. relation D. manner
7. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes, __________, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed, added, lost or altered.
A. phrases B. sentences C. morphemes D. utterances
8. In a speech community people have something in common __________a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it.
A. socially B. linguistically C. culturally D. pragmatically
9. Which of the major mental functions listed below is not under the control of the left hemisphere in most people? __________.
A. language and speech B. visual and spatial skills
C. reading and writing D. analytic reasoning
10. In general, the __________ stage begins roughly in the second half of the child's second year.
A. babbling B. one-word C. two-word D. multiword
11. Which of the following statements about allophone is NOT correct?
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A. Allophones are different forms of the same phoneme
B. Allophones of the same phoneme are in complementary distribution.
C. Allophones distinguish meaning.
D. Allophones are language specific.
12. Which of the following words is not a free morpheme?
A. able B. pet C. change D. dusty
13. How many morphemes are there in the word “discharged”?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
14. Which of the following words is made up of bound morphemes only?
A. happiness B. television C. ecology D. teacher
15. Language is passed on from one generation to the next by teaching and learning rather than by instinct. This property of language is called_____.
A. interchangeability B. productivity
C. cultural transmission
D. arbitrariness
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16. The famous quotation from Shakespeare’s play Romeo and Juliet ‘A rose by any other name would smell as sweet’ well illustrates _______.
A. the conventional nature of language
B. the creative nature of language
C. the universality of language
D. the big difference between human language and animal communication
17. Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.
A. kibl B. bkil C. ilkb D. ilbk
18. The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula “S→NP VP”.
A. hierarchical B. linear C. tree diagram D. vertical
19. It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.
A. Case Condition B. Case Parameter
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C. Adjacent Condition D. Adjacent Parameter
20. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.
A. commisives B. directives C. expressives D. declaratives
IV True of False
Directions: Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false.
1. The use of the term ‘implicature’ is different from ‘implication’ in that it usually indicates a rather narrowly defined logical relationship between two propositions.
2. A phrase means two or more words in sequence, intended to have meaning, that form a syntactic unit that is less than a complete sentence. It is actually synonymous with word group.
3. Collocation is a term in lexicology used by some linguists to refer to the habitual co-occurrences of individual lexical items, or collocates. This relation of co-occurrence usually cannot be accounted for.
4. In order to understand how conversational principles work, we may consider how each maxim actually works and how people observe these maxims in daily
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communication.
5. Syntax studies the rules which govern the ways words, word groups and phrases are combined to make grammatical sentences in a language, i.e. it deals with the relationships between elements in sentence structures.
6. Traffic light system has the feature of duality.
7. The distinction of ‘linguistic potential’ and ‘actual linguistic behavior’ is proposed by N. Chomsky.
8. In English there are three nasal sounds. They are [m], [n], and [l].
9. A morpheme is the minimal contrastive unit in the writing system of a language.
10. According to the functions of affixes, we can put them into groups: inflectional affixes and derivational affixes.
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