Exercise Two
I. Definition
Directions: Define the following terms in English
1. phonetics
2. synonymy
3. speech community
4. head
5. pidgin
II Blank filling
Directions: Fill in each blank in the following statements .
1. Psycholinguistics relates the study of language to ________.
2. In English, nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs make up the largest part of the vocabulary; they are the content words of a language, which are sometimes called ________, since we can regularly add new words to these classes.
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3. The sentence introduced by the complementizer is called a ________.
4. Sense and ________ are two terms often encountered in the study of word meaning. They are two related but different aspects of meaning.
5. Acronyms are words derived from the ________ of several words.
6. ________ is the sub-field of linguistics that studies the relation between language and society, between the uses of language and the social structures in which the users of language live.
7. The three branches of phonetics are labeled articulatory phonetics, ________ phonetics, and acoustic phonetics respectively.
8. Neurolinguistics is the study of the relationship between ________.
9. Chomsky defines ________ as the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language, and performance the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication.
10. The notion of context is essential to the pragmatic study of language. It is generally considered as constituted by the ________ shared by the speaker and the hearer.
III Multiple choice
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Directions: There are four choices in each of the following statements. Choose the one that can best complete the statement.
1. One of the properties of language is that a language user can understand and produce sentences he/she has never heard before. This property of language is called ________.
A. duality B. productivity C. displacement D. arbitrariness
2. When –ing in ‘gangling’ is removed to get a verb ‘gangle’, we call this way of creating words ________.
A. suffixation B. back-formation C. blending D. acronymy
3. When pitch, stress and length variations are tied to the sentence rather than to the word, they are collectively known as ________.
A. intonation B. tone C. phoneme D. sentence stress
4. A _______ is the minimal contrastive unit in the writing system of a language.
A. morpheme B. phoneme C. grapheme D. letter
5. All mono-morphemic words are constituted by free morphemes, and those poly-morphemic words which consist wholly of free morphemes are called_________.
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A. hyponyms B. compounds C. blends D. allomorphs
6. The distinction of ‘linguistic potential’ and ‘actual linguistic behavior’ is proposed by _______.
A. N. Chomsky B. F. de Saussure
C. M. A. Halliday D. J. Austin
7. The relation between “dead” and “alive” is labeled as ________.
A. gradability B. complementarity
C. hyponymy D. homonymy
8. Which of the following feature cannot be used to describe the phone [s]?
A. voiceless B. oral C. alveolar D. lateral
9. In terms of place of articulation, the two consonants [f], [v] are ________.
A. dental B. alveolar C. palatal D. labiodental
10. Which of the following statements about allophone is NOT correct?
A. Allophones are different forms of the same phoneme
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B. Allophones of the same phoneme are in complementary distribution.
C. Allophones distinguish meaning.
D. Allophones are language specific.
11. Language is passed on from one generation to the next by teaching and learning rather than by instinct. This property of language is called_____.
A. interchangeability B. productivity
C. cultural transmission D. arbitrariness
12. Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.
A. kibl B. bkil C. ilkb D. ilbk
13. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.
A. commisives B. directives C. expressives D. declaratives
14. The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.
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A. synchronic B. diachronic
C. comparative D. historical comparative
15. Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition?
A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation.
B. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings.
C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language.
D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use
16. WH-movement is __________ in English which changes a sentence from affirmative to interrogative.
A. obligatory B. optional
C. selectional D. arbitrary
17. In general, the __________ stage begins roughly in the second half of the child's second year.
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A. babbling B. one-word C. two-word D. multiword
18. “John married a blond heiress.”__________ “John married a blond.”
A. is synonymous with B. is inconsistent with
C. entails D. presupposes
19. _____ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.
A. Lingua franca
B. Creole
C. Pidgin
D. Standard language
20. Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .
A. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus
B. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex
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C. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons
D. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area
IV True of False
Directions: Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false.
1. Even in modern society, the primary medium is sound for all languages, and the fact that children acquire spoken language first before they can read or write also indicates that language is primarily vocal.
2. The defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication are termed design features.
3. There are other channels, besides language, for communicating our thoughts, so language is only one aspect of semiotics.
4. Modern linguistics regards the spoken language as primary, written language as secondary.
5. Descriptive linguistics aims to lay down rules for ‘correct’ language use, i.e., to tell people what they should say and what should not say.
6. Phonology is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of
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speech sounds and their patterns.
7. The case category is used in the analysis of word classes to identify the syntactic relationship between words in a sentence.
8. Language is genetically transmitted.
9. The grammar taught today to language learners is still basically descriptive.
10. All the sounds produced by human are speech sounds.
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