现代语言学自考题-19_真题-无答案

现代语言学自考题-19 (总分100,考试时间90分钟)

PART ONE

Ⅰ.There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can **plete the statement.

1. Semantics can be defined as the study of ______.A. naming B. meaning C. communication D. context

2. \"There is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to (i.e. between language and the real world)\". This is the ______ view concerning the study of meaning.A. naming theory B. conceptualist C. contextualist D. behaviourist

3. Bloomfield drew on ______ psychology when trying to define the meaning of linguistic forms.A. contextual B. conceptualist C. behaviorist D. naming

4. The meaning of a language form is the \"situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer\" is proposed by ______.A. Plato B. Firth C. Chomsky D. Bloomfield

5. ______ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the nonlinguistic world of experience. It means what a linguistic form refers to in the physical world.A. Sense B. Reference C. Symbol D. Thought

6. Dialectal synonyms are synonyms used in different ______ dialects.A. personal B. regional C. social D. professional

7. \"Expensive, valuable, precious\" are a group of words bearing the same meaning but indicating the different attitude of the user toward what he is talking about. They are ______ synonyms.A. stylistic B. semantic C. emotive D. dialectal

8. Synonyms are classified into several kinds. The kind to which \"girl\" and \"lass\" belong is called ______ synonyms.A. stylistic B. dialectal C. emotive D. collocational

9. \"Sweets\" and \"candy\" are used respectively in Britain and in America, but refer to the same

thing. The words are ______ synonyms.A. collocational B. dialectal C. complete D. stylistic

10. A word with several meanings is a ______.A. synonymy B. polysemic word C. co-hyponym D. complete hyponym

11. The words stationary and stationery are identical in sound, but different in spelling and meaning. They are ______.A. complete homonyms B. homographs C. hyponyms D. homophones

12. Antonyms are divided into several kinds. Which of the following is not a kind of antonyms?A. complementary. B. relational. C. superordinate. D. gradable.

13. The relationship between \"fruit\" and \"apple\" is ______.A. homonymy B. hyponymy C. polysemy D. synonymy

14. Hyponyms of the same ______ are co-hyponyms.A. word B. lexical item C. superordinate D. hyponymy

15. We call the relation between \"animal\" and \"horse\" ______.A. synonymy B. polysemy C. homonymy D. hyponymy

16. \"Interviewer\" and \"interviewee\" are a pair of opposites ______.A. complementary B. gradable C. complete D. relational

17. In the following pairs of words, ______ are a pair of relational opposites.A. \"buy\" and \"sell\" B. \"male\" and \"female\" C. \"hot\" and \"cold\" D. \"alive\" and \"dead\"

18. The pair of words \"lend\" and \"borrow\" are ______.A. gradable B. relational opposites C. co-hyponyms D. synonyms 19. \"I bought some roses,\" ______ \"I bought some flowers\".A. entails B. presupposes C. is inconsistent with D. is synonymous with

20. \"Can I borrow his bike?\" ______ \"He have a bike.\"A. is synonymous with B. is inconsistent with C. entails D. presupposes

21. One way to analyze lexical meaning is ______.A. predication analysis B. stylistic analysis C. componential analysis D. proposition analysis

22. The **ponents of the word \"gentleman\" can be expressed as ______.A. +ANIMATE, +MALE, +HUMAN, -ADULT B. +ANIMATE, +MALE, +HUMAN, +ADULT C. +ANIMATE, -MALE, +HUMAN, -ADULT D. +ANIMATE, -MALE, +HUMAN, -ADULT

23. Predication analysis is a way to analyze ______ meaning.A. phoneme B. word C. phrase D. sentence

24. Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called ______.A. selectional restrictions B. grammatical rules C. phrase structure rules D. phonological rules

25. In semantic analysis of a sentence, a(n) ______ is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical with the nominal element in a sentence.A. argument B. subject C. object D. predicate

26. Predication analysis is a way to analyze sentence meaning, which is proposed by the British linguist ______.A. John Firth B. Bloomfield C.G. Leech D. Wittgenstein

27. An ______ is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical with the nominal element(s) in a sentence.A. argument B. predicate C. predication D. agent

PART TWO

Ⅱ.Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given. 28. The study of the linguistic meaning of words, phrases, and sentences is called s______.

29. According to the n______ theory of meaning, the words in a language are taken to he labels of the objects they stand for.

30. According to Wittgenstein, for a large class of cases, the meaning of a word is its u______ in the language.

31. B______, somewhat close to contextualism, is linked with psychological interest.

32. R______ is what a linguistic form refers to in the real world; it is a matter of the relationship between form and the reality.

33. S______ is one aspect of meaning which is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form.

34. Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are c______ synonyms.

35. C______ synonyms are synonyms that differ in the words they go together with. It is a matter of usage.

36. S______ synonyms are the synonyms that differ slightly in what they mean.

37. P______ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings. 38. The various meanings of a p______ word are related to some degree.

39. Hyponymy is the relationship which obtains between specific and general lexical items. The

word that is more general in meaning is called s______.

40. Pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items are called r______ opposites.

41. X: He was a bachelor all his life. Y: He never married all his life. X is s______ with Y.

42. That the denial of one member of two words implies the assertion of the other is the characteristic of c______ antonyms.

43. There are often intermediate forms between the two members of a pair of g______ antonyms. 44. In terms of truth condition, if X is true, Y is false, and if X is false, Y is true. The relationship between X and Y is i______.

45. E______ is a relation of inclusion.

46. C______ analysis is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be divided into **ponents.

47. S______ restrictions are constraints on what lexical items can go with what others.

48. Linguists have proposed different ways to analyze the meaning of sentences. They might differ in their framework of analysis, but they share the aim to a ______ the meaning of sentences.

49. In grammatical analysis, the sentence is taken to be the basic unit, but in semantic analysis of a sentence, the basic unit is called p______, which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence.