重复词语和重复结构的处理
为了加强语气，求得句子的平衡、对称或其他修辞效果，往往使用重复词语或重复结构，即在一个句子或相连的几个句子中不止一次地重复使用同一个词语或同一结构。
但是汉英在语言结构和习惯用法等方面不同特征，所以运用“重复”手段时必然有相同与不同之处，因此介绍以下几种恰当处理重复词语、结构的方法。
一、省略
在不影响明确、完整地传达原义的前提下，根据英语表达习惯，将汉语中重复出现的词语或结构加以省略或简化。
这是宝地！要不是宝地，怎么人越来越多？
• This is a lucky place; if it isn’t, why do more and more people come to live here?
我们能够去掉不良作风，保持优良作风。
• We can get rid of a bad style and keep the good.
老赵：要是听我的话，我会帮助你，找条正道儿；要是不听我的话，你终究是玩完！
• Lao Zhao: If you follow my advice, I’ll help you to get on the right track, if you don’t, then you are done for.
二、代替—— ①代词或名词
英语惯于使用代词、名词及其他词组来代替重复出现的部分。
他（蒋介石）上台了，非但不感谢人民，还把人民一巴掌打了下去，把人民推入了十年内战的血海。
• Once in power, Chiang Kai-shek far from being grateful to the people, knocked them down and plunged them into ten years of civil war.
艾奇逊们对于舆论的看法，混淆了反动派的舆论和人民的舆论。
• In considering public opinion, the Achesons have mixed up the public opinion of the reactionaries with that of the people.
非洲人民正在为争取非洲的彻底解放进行着艰巨的斗争。
• The people of Africa are waging a hard struggle to win the complete emancipation of the continent.
一定的文化，是一定社会的政治和经济的反应，又给予伟大的影响和作用于一定社会的政治和经济。
• Any given culture is a reflection of the politics and economies of a given society, and the former in turn has a tremendous influence and effect upon the latter.
②do, do so 或 so do 来代替重复出现的主要动词或整个谓语部分
你答应了帮助他就应该帮助他。
• Since you promised, you should help him.
我们开了一次会，劝大家到群众里面去。后来许多人去了，得到了很好的效果。
• We held a meeting and advised them to go among the masses. Later on, many did, and the results were very good.
③用 so, as 代替
中国人是勇敢的，中国共产党也是勇敢的，他们一定要解放全中国。
• Chinese people are brave, so is the Communist Party of China, and they are determined to liberate the whole China.
自周秦以来，中国是一个封建社会，其政治是封建的政治，其经济是封建的经济。
• From the Zhou and Qin dynasty onwards, Chinese society was feudal, as were its politics and economies.
④用其他词或词组代替
空洞干燥的教条式是要破坏创作情绪的，但是它们不但破坏创作情绪，而且首先破坏了马克思主义。
• Empty, dry dogmatic formulas do indeed destroy the creative mood; not only that,
they first destroy Marxism.
那时将不要军队，也不要兵船，不要军用飞机，也不要毒气。
• Neither armies, nor warships, nor military aircraft, nor poison gas will then be needed.
代替法是处理重复问题的有效方法之一，方式多样，好处明显。但是运用时一定要紧密联系上下文，做到指代分明，毫不含混；否则，宁可重复不要滥用代称。
三、合并
讲重复词语或结构全部抽提出来，总译一次，加在全部有关词语或结构的前面或后面，统管兼顾。
中国人民历来是勇于探索、勇于创造、勇于革命的。
• The Chinese people have always been courageous to probe into things, to make inventions and to make revolution.
要相信和依靠群众，相信和依靠人民解放军，相信和依靠干部的大多数。
• We must have faith in and rely on the masses, the People’s Liberation Army and the majority of the cadres.
在今后五年内，要实现财政经济状况的根本好转，实现社会风气的根本好转，实现党风的根本好转。
• In the coming five years a fundamental turn for the better should be made in the financial and economic situation, in standards of social conduct and in Party style.
四、部分重复
汉语中重复使用的词语或结构，英译时只重复使用其部分词语或结构。这样可以保证译文达意，又不至于过份累赘。
……决定什么东西是应当称赞或歌颂的，什么东西是不应当称赞或歌颂的，什么东西应当反对的。
• …decide what to commend and praise, what not to, and what to oppose.
这种新民主主义的文化是科学的。它是反对一切封建思想和迷信思想，主张实事求是，主张客观真理，主张理论和实践一致的。
• New democratic culture is scientific. Opposed as it is to all feudal and superstitious ideas, it stands for seeking truth from facts, for objective truth and for the unity of theory and practice.
五、用名词复数表达重复
• 战争是民族和民族，国家和国家，阶级和阶级，政治集团和政治集团之间互相斗争的最高形式。
• War is the highest form of struggle between nations, states, classes or political groups.
• 我们向受压迫的各国人民提供政治的支援和经济的支援。
• We offered the oppressed peoples our political and economic supports.
六、全部重复
1. 为了明确传达原文意思，避免产生歧义。翻译带有政策性的文件时，这点尤为重要。
各大城市可以暂时不去处理摊贩，但对独立手工业户和家庭商业最好给予处理。各中等城市在“五反”中最好对独立工商户及摊贩均给予处理。
• In big cities the street vendors may be left alone for the time being, but the independent handicraftsmen and family traders had better be dealt with. In medium-sized cities it would be better to deal with both the independent handicraftsmen and traders and the street vendors in this movement.
2. 为了保证原文的强调语气和独特风格
• 他们偷，他们抢，他们欺诈，谁也不敢惹他们。
• They steal, they rob, they swindle; no one dares to cross their path.
• 这是革命的春天，这是人民的春天，这是科学的春天！
• This is the springtime for the revolution, this is the springtime for the people, this is the springtime for science!
3. 主谓重复，英译时照搬
• 青年就是青年
• Youth is youth.
• 对的就是对的，不对的就是不对的。
• What is right is right and what is wrong is wrong.
• 练习
• 1.我们的国家现在还是一个很穷的国家。
• 2.我们的毛病还很多。我们不怕说出自己的毛病，我们一定要改正自己的毛病。
• 3.成绩有两重性，错误也有两重性。
• 4.你不愿意落后，她也不愿意落后。
• 5.一个地方有一个地方的全局，一个国家有一个国家的全局。
• 6.青年团要配合党的中心工作，但在配合党的中心工作中，要有自己的的独立工作，要照顾青年的特点。
• 7.我们必须积极采用新技术，新设备，新工艺，新材料。
1. Ours is still a very poor country.
2. We still have many failings. We are not afraid to admit them and are determined to get rid of them.
3. Achievements have a dual character and so have mistakes.
4. You don’t want to lag behind. Neither does she.
5. A locality has its own over-all interest and a nation has another.
6. The Youth League must co-ordinate its activities with the Party’s central tasks, but in so doing it must have its own independent activities and take the characteristics of youth into considerations.
7. We must actively introduce new techniques, equipment, technologies and material.
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