8A Unit 1 Friends
【短语学习重点】
P.1-10
1. something to drink / eat 一些喝/吃的东西
2. have some more food 再来点食物
3. in your bowl 在你的碗里 a bowl of rice 一碗米饭
4. share sth with sb 与某人分享某物
5. nothing else 没什么别的东西 what else / where else （else的用法）
6. know sb well 熟悉某人
7. write to the editor about his best friend 写信给编辑（谈）他最好的朋友的事情
8. hold (join) a writing competition 举行（参加）写作比赛
9. an honest boy 一位诚实的男孩
10. keep secrets / keep a secret 保守秘密/
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11. make me happy 使我快乐 make me laugh使我笑
12. share my joy 分享我快乐
13. one of my best friends 我的一个最好的朋友
14. as slim as与…一样苗条
15. be willing to do sth. 乐于做某事, 愿意做…
16. be ready to do sth. 准备好做某事/愿意做某事
17. help people any time 在任何时候帮助人们/ help people in need 帮助需要帮助的人
18. help sb. with sth.在某方面帮助某人 / help sb (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事
19. give seats to people in need 给需要的人们让座
20. travel around the world 周游世界
21. grow up 长大
22. want to be a singer想成为歌手
23. a wonderful friend named Max 一个名教Max的很好的朋友
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24. have poor eyesight 视力差
25. because of (sth / doing sth ) 因为（某事/做某事）
26. wear (a pair of ) small, round glasses 戴着（一副）小而圆的眼镜
27. work(动词)too much 工作太多 too much work(名词)太多的工作
28. have a good sense of humour 有很好的幽默感/ a sense of ……的感觉
29. never feel bored or unhappy 从不感到厌烦以及不开心
30. make him look smart 使得他看起来聪明/ make sb do sth 让某人做某事
31. tell funny jokes 讲笑话
32. walk fast 走得快 walk past ( the desks ) 走过（课桌）walk past the post office 路过邮局
33. knock our books and pens off the desks撞掉我们课桌上的书和笔
34. vote for the best friend 投票选最好的朋友
35. think of 想起
36. be so funny 如此滑稽
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37. read your advertisement 看你的广告
38. straight , shoulder-length hair 长长的披肩发
39. worry me 使我烦恼
40. say a bad word about sb = speak ill of sb 说某人的坏话
41. say a good word about sb = speak highly of sb 赞扬某人
42. be generous to sb. 对某人慷慨、大方
43. do a lot of computer work 做许多电脑工作
44. vote for sb / sth 投票赞成某人/某物vote against sb /sth 投票反对某人/某物
P.11-17
45. a square face and a long nose 方脸、长鼻子
46. a round face and small eyes圆脸、小眼睛
47. more interesting 更加有趣 / more and more interesting 越来越有趣
48. longer and longer 越来越长
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49. the tallest student of the six students 六位学生中最高的学生
50. not as /so ……as 与……不一样
51. outdoor activities 户外活动
52. sing for people 为人们唱歌
53. listen to people’s problems 听取人们的问题
54. help people solve problems 帮助人们解决问题 try to solve the problems尽力解决问题
55. make friends (with sb ) （与某人）交朋友
56. be a social worker 成为社会工作者
57. be happy to do sth 很高兴做某事
58. in the future在将来, 在未来 my future plans未来计划
59. become a famous singer 成为出名的歌唱家
60. be famous for 因……而著名 / be famous as 以……（身份）出名
61. look sporty看起来爱好或擅长体育运动
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62. the boy on the left 坐边的男孩
63. agree with sb./agree to sth.同意某事（如: 决定、计划等）/ agree to do sth.同意做某事
64. the girl next to sb. 紧挨着某人的女孩
P.18-21
65. have problems with在…方面有问题 / have problems (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
66. move to a place 搬到某地 / move into a new house 搬进新房子
67. know… very well 对……很了解
68. have no friends 没有朋友
69. I don’t know how to do sth. 我不知道如何做某事
70. I don’t know what to do 我不知道该怎么做
71. be very nervous 很紧张
72. during lunchtime在午餐时间
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73. sit alone in the playground 独自一人坐在操场上
74.miss my old classmates 怀念我的老同学 / miss the train 错过火车
75. give sb some advice on…给某人提……的建议 / a piece of good advice一个建议
76. both…and …不但……而且
77. live next door (to sb). 住在（某人）隔壁
78. her bright, smiling eyes 她的明亮的笑眼
79.wear (with) a smile on one’s face 面带微笑
80.like to work with sb 喜欢与某人共事
81. the most difficult activity of all 所有活动中最难的活动
82. in the magazine 在杂志上
83.want to have a friend like sb. 想要有sb.一样的朋友
84.answer questions correctly 正确地回答问题
85. be kind (polite, friendly…) to sb.对某人心善（有礼貌，友好…）
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【句型学习及难点解析】
主要句型
What about the pizza in your bowl? / What about (doing) sth?
1. Can I have something to drink? 我可以喝点儿什么吗？
2. She's willing to share things with her friends. 她乐意和朋友分享东西。
3. She is very helpful and is ready to help people any time. 她乐于助人，随时乐意帮助人。
4. His small, round glasses make him smart. 他小小的圆圆的眼镜使他聪明。
5. I can tell him anything because she can keep a secret. 因为她能保守秘密，我什么都告诉 他。
6. Millie’s English is better than Amy’s. 米莉的英语比艾米好。
7. Peter is the heaviest student of the six students. 彼得是六个同学中最重的。
8. Swimming is not as interesting as hiking. 游泳没有远足有趣。
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9. She always wears a smile on her face. 她总是面带微笑。
10. She would like to be a teacher when she grows up. 她长大了想当教师。
【难点解析】
1. His legs are very long and they do not fit under the school desks.
他的双腿很长，放在桌子底下不舒服.
fit动词，过去式和过去分词要双写t加ed，现在分词也要双写t加ing.
a．作不及物动词，意为“合适”“合身”。如：
Your clothes fit well. 你的衣服很合身。
The door fits badly. 这个门装得不合适。
They don’t 6t together．它们配不起来。
b．作及物动词，意为“适合”“装上”。如：
The coat doesn’t fit me．这件大衣我穿不合身。
The suit fitted her nicely.这身衣服以前很合她的身。
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The key doesn’t fit the lock．这钥匙不配这把锁。
They fitted the doors with a lock．他们在门上装上了锁。
2. He often knocks our books and pens off the desk. 常常把我们的书和钢笔从课桌上碰掉下去
knock sb off sth 把某人（从…..上撞到）
I was knocked off my bike this morning.今天早上我从自行车上摔落了
knock sb off sth（从…..上）打落……，敲掉……,碰掉……
Who knocked the glass off the table? 谁把桌上的玻璃杯碰掉了？
3. I thought of my great friend May when I read your advertisement.
读了你们的广告后我想到了我的好朋友——梅。
think of
a．think of意为“想到”。如：
We often think of you．我们常常想到你。
This made us think of our days at school．这使我们想起求学的日子o
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He thinks of others more than himself．他想到别人多于自己。
We have to think of a way to help him． 我们得想个办法帮助他。
b．与what连用，意为“对……的看法如何”。如：
What do you think of the film? 你觉得这电影怎么样?
What did you think of his talk yesterday? 你觉得他昨天的报告怎么样?
4. When something worries me, I can always go to her.
当有什么事令我担忧时，我总是能向她求助。
go to her 向她求助
5. say a bad word about sb．意为“讲某人的坏话”=speak ill of sb．如：He is an man who never says a bad word about anyone．
他是一个从不说任何人坏话的人。
It is impolite to say a bad word about someone behind him．
在别人背后讲别人的坏话是不礼貌的。
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[注]say a good word about sb．意为“讲某人的好话”；=speak well of sb 如：
He often says a good word about you before me．
他经常在我面前讲你的好话。
[注] 此短语中word一般不用复数。
6. Help him fill in the blanks… 此句中的fill in意为“填写”“填上”。如：
Fill in your name, please．请填上你的名字。
Please fill in this form．请你把这份表填一下。
Let’s fill in the hole in the wall．咱们把墙上这个洞堵上。
[注]fill in…with… 用“……填……”。如：
Fill in the blanks with suitable words．用适当的词填空。
7. Mr Zhou dropped…got mixed up
此句中的get mixed是属系动词加表语结构。其中get可换be或become，意为“弄糊涂 了”“搞乱”“卷入” “和……搅在一起”。如：
I’m al1 mixed up．我完全给弄糊涂了。
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His ideas are all mixed up. 你的想法全乱了。
I’m getting mixed up in my old age. 我有点儿老糊涂了。
How did you become mixed up in such affairs. 你怎么会卷入，这种事情中去的呢?
They advised me not to get mixed up with such people.
他们建议我不要和这种人搞在一起。
8. What are they saying? say作及物动词。试比较：say，tell，talk，speak。
a．tell及物动词，通常用tell sb．sth．(双宾语)，除开一些名词(a lie，story，the truth)之外.
He told me the good news．他告诉我那个好消息。
They told us useful information．他们告诉我们有用的信息。
b．say作及物动词。通常接一个宾语。
Please say it in English．请用英语说。
He didn’t say who told it to him． 他没说谁告诉他此事的。
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c．talk不及物动词，后接about，意为“谈论有关……”。to／with sb．意为“与某人交谈”。如：
He talked with me about his studies．
他和我谈了他的学习情况。
What are you talking about? 你们在谈什么?
d．speak通常作不及物动词(当表示讲语言时可作及物动词，后接语言作speak的宾语。)
He was too excited to speak.他激动得说不出话来。
Whom are you speaking to? 你在和谁说话?
Can you speak English7你会讲英语鸭?(及物动词)
[注]speak to sb．=talk to sb , speak about=talk about。
9. Vote for the best friend．
其中vote for意为“投……票”“投票赞成”。反义词为vote against。如：
I’1l vote for／against you．我投票选你／不选你。
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We vote for /against your plan .我们投票赞成/反对你的计划。
I have reached the age to vote .我已到了法定选举年龄。
10. Can l have something to drink ?
something，anything，nothing，everything是不定代词
a．作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Something has gone wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。
Nothing was left after the fire. 火灾之后什么也没留下。
Everything is ready. 一切准备就绪。
b．something用于肯定句，用于表示“请求”“邀请”或“建议”的问句。如：
He has something to tell you. 他有事想告诉你。
Can you give me something to eat. 给点东西我吃，好吗?
Why not have something to drink? 为什么不喝点什么?
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c．anything用于否定勺或问句或whether，if引导的从句中。如：
I didn’t have anything to eat yesterday． 昨天我没吃任何东西。
Do you have anything to tell me? 你有事要告诉我吗?
We can’t do anything about让．对此事我们无能为力。
He asked if there was anything wrong with the radio．他问收音机有没有出毛病。
[注] not...anything：nothing
almost nothing：hardly anything
We didn’t have anything to eat．=We had nothing to eat我们没有吃的东西了。
He ate almost nothing. =He hardly ate anything. 他几乎什么也没吃。
d．anything作主语时谓语一般用肯定式。如：
I am very hungry．Anything will do． 我很饿，任何充饥都可以。
everything与否定词连用时，意为“并非一切都……”，表示部分否定。如：
Everything that glitters is not gold．发光的并非都是金子。
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11.What about some milk?(=Would you like some milk?)
表示邀请、建议或询问对方的意见。其中What可用How代替。如：
What about something to drink? 喝点东西怎么样?
What about going shopping? 去购物怎样?
What about the pizza in your bowl ? Maybe we can share it.
你碗里的比萨饼怎么样?也许我们可以分享。
How about a party for your birthday? 给你的生日办个宴会怎样?
[注]about是介词后接名词、代词的宾格，动词的ing形式或代词的宾格加ing形式。如：
What about us going to see a film? 我们去看电影好吗?
12.Can l have some more food, too ?
此句中的some more food意为“再来一些食物”，其中some作副词，修饰more表示数量或程度，在比较级前面可加一些数量词来表示超过或少于的数量或程度。如：
a little more a few more
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some more some more
much more +不可数名词 many more
any more（否定句/问句） any more （否定句/问句）+可数名词复数
no more no more
基数词+more
I have much more milk than he. 我的牛奶比他的牛奶多得多。
He has many more friends than I. 他的朋友比我的朋友多得多。
She has no more money than you. 她和你一样没钱。
My brother has two more books than I. 我哥哥比我多两本书。
There is nothing else in the fridge.此句中的else可用在不定代词后疑问句后面，意为“别的”“其它的”。如：
Does anyone else want to SO there? 还有别的人想去那儿吗?
I have nothing else to do now．现在我没别的事要做。
What else do you want? 你还要些什么?
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Is there anything else I Can do for you? 还有别的事我可以为你效劳的吗?
13. friendly是由名词friend加后缀-ly构成的形容词，又如lovely可爱的, brotherly兄弟般 的，motherly母亲般的。形容词作定语、表语。如：
He gave me a friendly smile． 他给了我一个友好的微笑。
She is friendly to others． 她对人很友好。
What a lovely day it is today! 今天天气真好!
politely是形容词polite加1y构成副词。如clearly清楚地，secretly秘密地，honestly诚实地。副词作状语，修饰谓语动词。如：
We should speak politely to old people．对长者我们说话要礼貌。
He came into the room secretly． 他悄悄地进入房间。
Could you explain it clearly? 你能把它解释清楚吗?
14.在英语中有些描述性形容词。如：
a．beautiful，pretty通常只用于修饰女性，也可修饰物。beautiful意为“美丽的”“美观的”强调天生的美。自然的美。如：
a beautiful face／flower／voice美丽的面孔／花朵／嗓音
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beautiful weather／music悦人的天气／音乐
b．pretty意为“可爱的…‘精致的”“漂亮的”“吸引人的”(并非华丽)，侧重经过人的加工而吸引人的精致或漂亮。如：
a pretty girl／garden／picture漂亮的女郎／花园／图画
c．handsome用于修饰男性，意为“英俊的”，用于修饰女性时意为“俊俏的”，侧重指女性的体态。也可用于修饰物。如：
He is S handsome fellow．他是一个英俊的男子。
Would you describe that woman as handsome Or beautiful? 你觉得那女子是体态俊俏还是美丽?
What a handsome old building it is! 多么美观的一座古老的建筑啊!
d．1ovely意为“可爱的…动人的…美丽的”(：beautiful／pretty)“令人快乐的”。如：
a lovely(=beautiful)view可爱的景色
a lovely(=pretty)woman美丽的女人
a lovely(=pleasant)holiday快乐的假期
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e．smart 意为“漂亮”“时髦的”“聪敏的”(=bright，well-dressed，fashionable，quick-minded)
a smart(=pretty)hat漂亮的帽子
a smart(=fashionable)dress 时尚的衣服
a smart(=clever)student有头脑的学生
f．good-looking意为“好看的”，通常只指人，不指物，程度上不如beautiful和pretty那么强。如：
Who is that good-looking boy? 那个好看的男孩是谁?
Do you know that good-looking girl? 你认识那个长得好看的女孩吗?
15.outdoor 户外的 反意词为indoors“在户内”。如：
outdoor sports户外运动 an outdoor theatre露天剧场
an outdoor life野外生活 go outdoors for training到野外进行训练
indoor gyms室内体操 indoor exercise户内锻炼
keep indoors呆在家里 go indoors进屋
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stay outdoors on summer evenings夏日晚上呆在户外
16. I try my best to help them．try one’s best后接to do sth．，意为“尽力做某事(但不一定成功)”， 与do one’s best to do和try to do同义。best作宾语看作不可数名词，不能加“s”如：
I tried to pass the exam but failed． 我尽力想通过考试但却失败了。
He will try his best to catch up with his classmates． 他将尽力赶上同班同学。
We’1l do our best to complete the work in time． 我们将尽最大努力按时完成工作。
They tried their best to make their mother happy. 他们尽量使他们的母亲开心。
[注] 在这个短语中best不能加“s”，后接to do不接doing。例如表示“我们的队员尽力想在比赛中．打败他们。”
17. I hope to...in the future.句中in the future意为“在未来”，in the past 意为“在过去”，at present意为“在现在”，它们表示不同的时间故与不同的时态连用。如：
He says he will be a doctor in the future． 他说他将来要当医生。
He will join the army in the future． 他长大后，将入伍。
My parents lived a hard life in the past． 我父母过去过着一个艰苦的生活。
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18. What is he like?此句型用来问一个人的外表(appearance)或品质(character)。如：
“What is sb like?” \"He is tall and thin．” “他长得怎样?”“又高又瘦。”
“What it your sister like?” “She is beautiful and polite．”
“你姐姐是怎样的一个人?”“她美丽而有礼貌。”
“What is your English teacher like?” \"He is strict with us but helpful to us.”
“你们的英语老师怎样?”“他对我们要求严格但是对我们很有帮助。”
[注] What is sb．?意为“某人干什么工作的?”用来问职业。How is sb．?意为“某人身体怎么 样?”，用来问身体情况。如：
“What is your father ?\"\"He is a driver．”
“你父亲是干什么工作的?”“是司机。”
“How is your mother?”“She enjoys good health．” “你母亲身体如何?”“很好。”
19.Who's the girl next to Peter?中的next to意为“紧靠”(：beside)或“仅次于”“几乎”
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Next to the cinema is a bookstore．电影院的旁边是一家书店。
He sits next to me．他坐在我的旁边。
Which is the largest city next to Beijing? 哪个城市在规模上仅次于北京?
He has eaten next to nothing. 他几乎什么也没吃。
20.I am very unhappy…with my new school．此句中have some problems with...意为“在某方面有困难……”，其中problems可换成difficulties。have some problems with／(in)doing sth．意为“在学做某事中有问题”，其中problems可换成difficulty／trouble。如：
Do you have any problems with your English? 你英语方面有问题吗?
Do you have any difficulty／trouble(in)studying English? 你学英语中有困难吗?
[注] problem和question
problem意为“需要对付或处理的问题”或“理科中的难题”。question意为“需要回答的问题…‘需要讨论或考虑的问题”或“疑问”。
solve a problem解决问题 social problems社会问题 a maths problem一道数学难题
“Can you finish the work today? \"\"No problem．” “今天你能完成作业
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吗?”“没问题。”
ask sb. a question 问某人一个问题 a question of time时间问题
answer my question回答我的问题
There is no question about his honesty. 他的诚实是毫无疑问的。
21.“I miss…very much”中miss意为“想念”。miss作及物动词意为“想 念，错过”等。
a．miss作及物动词，意为“想念”。如：
How l miss my parents! 我好想念我的父母啊!
We are missing you very much．我们非常想念你。
I miss you terribly．我非常惦记你。
b．miss作及物动词，意为“错过…‘误(车)”“未击中”。后接名词或名词(doing)，不能接动词不定式。如：
He got up late this morning and missed his usual bus．
他今天早上晚起，没赶上他通常乘坐的那班汽车。
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I missed my footing and felt down． 我踏空摔了下来。
She missed seeing the film． 她错过了那场电影。
I am sorry to miss the chance．错过那个机会我感到很难过。
c．missing意为“丢失的”“缺席的”。如：
a book with some pages missing一本缺了几页的书
a missing child丢失的孩子 a missing bike丢失的自行车 missing lessons缺的课
22.I hope...some advice. 此句中的advice意为“劝告”“忠告”，作不可数名词，apiece of advice一条忠言，tip也可作“告诫”“指示”解释，作可数名词。suggestion也作“建议”解释，作可数名词。如：
Please take my advice／my Up and don’t run the risk． 听我的告诫别冒这个险。
He gave me the tip to make friends．
He gave me some advice on making friends．他给我一些交友的建议。
They are some tips for making e-friends．这儿有关于交网友的几条建议。
They made some suggestions at the meeting. 在会议上他们提出了一些建议。
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advice可组成下列短语：
ask for sb’s advice征求某人的意见
give advice提出劝告 follow one’s advice遵照某人的嘱咐
take one’s advice听取某人的劝告 do sth by／on one’s advice按某人的劝告做某
【语法学习难点】
1. 熟练掌握形容词、副词比较等级的构成和good, well, many, much 等不规则变化；熟练运用所学句型表示两者和三者或三者以上人或事物的比较；初步掌握用much, a little等副词修饰比较等级的用法。
重点提示: ①注意比较范围。如：He is taller than any other student in his class. / Shanghai is larger than any city in Australia./ This ruler is very long, but that one is longer. He is the tallest of the six. He is the taller boy of the two.
②当形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限定词修饰时，最高级前不加the。如： He is our best teacher.
③最高级的比较范围常用由of, in 或among引起的介词短语。
④注意下列几种情况：
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1）Who / Which + be +比较级 , A or B ? Who / Which + be +the+最高级, A, B, or C ? 2）主语+ be + the 比较级 + of the two. (两个之中比较…的那一个，主语包含在两个之中。)
3）主语+ be + one of the +最高级 +复数名词, 表示\"最……的……之一\"。
4）much / a lot / even / + 比较级
5）比较级 + and +比较级, 表示 \" 越来越... \"。
6）主语＋be＋the 序数词（first除外）＋最高级＋单数名词＋范围, 表示\"……是…….的第几……\"。
7）主语＋be＋the＋最高级＋ that ＋主语＋have/ has ever 过去分词。
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