B3U4导学案 第1课 Vocabulary
I. 核心单词词形拓展
1._________ adj.精神的；思想的→__________ adv.精神上地；智力上地 2._________ adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→__________ n．智慧；智力 3._________ vt.查明；确定；决定→_________ adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→ __________ n．决心
4.________ adj.失望的；沮丧的→_________ n．失望→_______ adj.令人失望的 5._________ adj.独立的;自立的→__________adv.独立地；自立地→________ n．独立
6．_________ n．地球；世界；地球仪→_________ adj.全球的；全世界的 7．_________ vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论→_________ n．争论；争吵；论点 8．_________ n．(对事物的)分析；分析结果→ _________ v．分析；解析 9．_________ adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→_________ adv.经常；定期地 10．_______ adj.有限的→_______ vt.限制；限定n.界限；限度→_________ adj.无限的 II.短语翻译
1. 实现某人的梦想 2． 集中精力于 3． 抱着……的希望 4． 为了；以便 5． 继续做，坚持干 6． 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 7． 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白 8． 有意义 9． 导致；造成 10． 所以；结果(是) 11． 最后 12． 用完；耗尽 III单句语法填空
1．In my opinion, punishment is not a wise choice to help children grow up __________(mental) and physically.
2．Now that we are all part of the ______(globe) village, everyone becomes a neighbour.
3．Faced with so many problems, I didn't know how to deal with them ___________(independent)． 4．(1) It was hard work and ____________ (determine) that accounted for her success. (2)It is your attitude towards failure that __________(determine) whether you will achieve success or not.
(3)I was truly inspired by his words and was __________(determine) to work harder to catch up with others.
5．They may only have a ________(limit) amount of time to get their points across. 6．There was a heated _________ about whether he was suitable for the position, and most of the people argued for him.(argue)
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IV.请用左栏短语填空
1．Long before the boat reached safety, the supplies of food and water had ______． 2．Have you ________why she didn't invite you to her birthday party?
3．She ________some positive things and was willing to give a hand to those who sought help from her.
4．All in all, we must learn from this great scientist _______ serve our country
better when we grow up.
5．His careless __________the car accident.
6．_________, the bad thing has been turned into a good one.
Section I Listening and speaking
mental adj.精神的；思想的
(教材P38)Astronauts not only had to learn how to use space equipment, but also had to do a lot of mental and physical training.
宇航员不仅要学习如何使用太空设备，而且还要进行大量的心理和身体训练。
(1)mental development mental health/problems physical and mental health
智力发展
心理健康/心理问题 身心健康
(2)mentally adv. 精神上地；智力上地
①There is no doubt that taking exercise is good to mental development. 毫无疑问，锻炼对智力发展有好处。
②Mrs Brown was unable to mentally return to work after the terrible accident. 可怕的事故发生后，布朗夫人精神上无法恢复正常。 [链接写作]——完成句子
熬夜对我们的身心健康有不良影响。
Staying up has a bad effect on______________________． intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的
(教材P39)First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.
首先，你必须足够聪明才能获得相关的大学学位。
(1)an intelligent student (2)intelligence n.
一位聪明的学生 智慧，智力
intelligence test 智力测试
①She was not only intelligent but also gifted in music. 她不仅聪明，而且极具音乐天分。
②They must have an intelligence test before taking the job. 他们接受这项工作前必须进行智力测试。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空
(1)Use your __________(intelligent) and you are sure to achieve your goal.
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(2)George is organized, easygoing, hardworking, and ________(intelligence). In a word, I can't think too highly of him.
Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking Step one Warming-up
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. It is extremely challenging that the unmanned Chang'e 4 probe (探测器) landed on the moon's far side. How much do you know about Chang'e 4? Do you think it worthwhile developing space exploration?
________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Step two Reading
Read the text(P40), and then do the following exercises. Ⅰ.Read for the main idea.
1．What's the main idea of the text?
A．To introduce the development of human's space exploration. B．To describe how difficult and dangerous space exploration is. C．To encourage people to respect scientists.
D．To compare the space programmes between the US and China.
2．Use your own words to summarize the main idea for each paragraph.
Para.1：_________________________________________________________ Para.2：_________________________________________________________ Para.3：________________________________________________________ Para.4：_________________________________________________________ Para.5：__________________________________________________________ Ⅱ.Read for details.
1．What had happened before the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched? A．Quite a few severe accidents had killed some astronauts. B．Many experiments on rockets had been carried out. C．Yuri Gagarin had got well prepared to fly into space. D．America's NASA had made great research on rockets. 2．What do Neil Armstrong's words mean in the passage? A．It is easy for him to step onto the surface of the moon. B．Neil Armstrong has made unbelievable achievements. C．Human beings have made a great breakthrough in history. D．In exploring space the USA achieved more than the USSR. 3．How did the scientists react after the disasters happened? A．They felt disappointed and seemed all at sea.
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B．They rose to the challenge bravely.
C．They gave up building the International Space Station. D．They decided to put off the work of exploring space.
4．What does the author want to tell us in the fourth paragraph? A．China has invested too much in space exploration.
B．The Shenzhou 5 spacecraft is the first to take man into space. C．Chang'e 4 and spacemen have landed on the moon. D．China has made rapid progress in exploring space.
determined adj.坚决的；有决心的；意志坚定的
(教材P40)However, some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.
然而，一些科学家决心帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。
(1)be determined to do sth. (2)determine vt. determine to do sth. determine that...
决心做某事(表示状态) 决定；确定；下决心 决定做某事 决定……
determine on/upon (doing)．..决定(做)……
(3)determination n. 决心，决定 ①(2020·江苏卷)He proved that it's not what happens to us that determines our lives.
他证明了不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活。
②She gave me a determined look—the kind that said she would not change her mind.
她给了我一个坚定的眼神——这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空
(1)______________(determine) to look after his parents well, he moved to live with them.
(2)No matter what happens, she has determined (tell) the truth. (3)She was a strong girl and finally achieved her dream with _______________(determine).
launch vt.& n．发射；发起；上市
(教材P40)On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth.
1957年10月4日，苏联发射了人造卫星“斯普特尼克一号”，并成功地绕地球运行。
launch a campaign
发起一项运动
launch a satellite 发射一颗卫星
①To raise people's awareness of protecting the environment，we launched a campaign.
为了提高人们的环保意识，我们发起了一项运动。
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②This morning's launch of the space plane Columbia has been put off. 定于今天上午“哥伦比亚号”航天飞机的发射已经被推迟了。
[链接写作]——完成句子
政府发起了一项运动，来提高人们关注我们传统文化的意识。
The government ________________________________________________ paying attention to our traditional cultures.
in the hope of doing sth. 抱着……的希望
(教材P41)Mankind is exploring space in the hope of finding out more about the universe.
人类正在探索太空，希望对宇宙有更多的了解。
beyond hope give up all hope
毫无希望 放弃一切希望
in the hope that... 希望……
①She went to the interview in the hope of getting a job. 她去参加面试，希望能找到一份工作。
②I don't think you ought to give up all hope of becoming a professional singer. 我认为你不应该放弃成为一名职业歌手的所有希望。
[链接写作]——完成句子
我写这封信是希望你能考虑这些问题并做出一些改进。
I'm writing the letter____________________________________________and make some improvements.
so as to (do sth.) 为了；以便
(教材P41)Despite the huge risks, though, people will always continue to explore this final frontier so as to learn its secrets.
尽管有巨大的风险，但是人们会一直继续探索这片最终的疆域，以便了解它的秘密。
in order to为了 so that以便
①We rushed through the last few design drawings so as to go home early. 我们赶紧把最后几份设计图纸完成，以便早点回家。
② He often worked late into night so as to/in order to earn enough money. 为了挣足够的钱，他经常工作到深夜。
[链接写作]——一句多译 (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)为了让我们体验农村的生活，上周末我们学校组织了一次在农场摘水果的活动。
(1)__________________________ the life in the countryside, our school organized a fruitpicking activity on a farm last weekend.
(2)Our school organized a fruit-picking activity on a farm last weekend
___________________________ the life in the countryside.
disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的
(经典佳句)Only a few people were in support of his plan, which made him very disappointed.
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只有几个人支持他的计划，这使他非常沮丧。 (1)feel disappointed be disappointed at... be disappointed to do sth. (2)disappoint vt. disappointing adj. disappointment n.
感到失望 因……感到失望 做某事感到失望 使失望 令人失望的 失望
to one's disappointment 使某人感到失望的是 ①He was disappointed to find his suggestion turned down. 他失望地发现他的建议被拒绝了。
②Disappointed at failing in the math exam, John wouldn't like to talk about it to his parents.
由于数学考试不及格，约翰很失望，他不愿意和父母谈论这件事。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空
(1)Not having been invited to the party, Mr Brown felt very __________________(disappoint)．
(2)To my parents' _________________, the news that I failed in the exam ____________________ my parents, and their_______________ look urged me to study harder then.(disappoint)
desire n．渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望
(经典佳句)He desired to earn a living on his own as soon as he graduated from the college.
他渴望一大学毕业就靠自己谋生。
for sth. 想得到某物
(1)have a desireto do sth. 想要做某事
that...（should） do 想要……做某事(2)desire (sb.) to do sth. 想要(某人)
desire that...(should) do...
做某事 渴望……
(应该)做……
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Knowing that a Chinese painting exhibition will be held, I'm writing to express my desire to be a volunteer.
得知将举办一场国画展，我写信表达我想成为一名志愿者的愿望。
②The government desired that the public should pay attention to protecting the environment.
政府希望公众注意保护环境。
[链接写作]——一句多译
每个人都渴望成功，而成功只属于努力的人。
(1)Everyone ___________________________ while success only belongs to the
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hard-working people.(desire n．)
(2)Everyone _______________________ while success only belongs to the hard-working people.(desire v．) carry on 继续做，坚持干
(教材P41)This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
这是因为尽管存在巨大的风险，人们依旧相信进行太空探索的重要性。
carry on with sth./doing sth.
继续做某事(＝go on)
carry out 执行；实施
①Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work?
为什么不像林巧稚那样去医学院学习，继续她的有益的事业呢？ ②We carry on doing a lot of exercises after finishing the homework. 完成家庭作业后我们继续做大量的练习。
③We had better work out a plan and carry out it step by step. 我们最好制订计划，并逐步执行它。 [链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达)They are determined to continue working when they reach retirement age.
(高级表达)They are determined to _______________ working when they reach retirement age.
on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
(教材P41)It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board, providing a continuous human presence in space.
它环绕地球运行，并搭载来自不同国家的宇航员，使人类在太空中持续停留。
aboard prep.& adv.
在(船、飞机、火车或公共汽车) 上；上(船、飞机、火车等)
on board＝aboard 在船上；在飞机上 go/get aboard (the ship/plane/train) 上(船/飞机/火车)
①The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain seated as the plane was making a landing.
当飞机着陆时，飞行员要求机上所有乘客在座位上坐好。
②They set off early so that they could get aboard the flight in time. 他们很早动身，以便能够及时搭乘航班。 [链接写作]——完成句子
我一上船就看报纸来打发时间。
As soon as I was ______________ the ship, I killed time by reading newspapers. signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号；标志
(教材P41)This signalled one step further in China's plan to establish a space station in the future.
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这标志着在未来，中国建立空间站的计划又向前迈进了一步。 (1)a traffic signal send out a signal (2)signal (to) sb.to do sth.
交通信号 发出信号 示意某人做某事
signal (sb.) that... 示意(某人)……
①When you come across the crossing, you should pay attention to the traffic signals.
当过十字路口时，你应该注意交通信号灯。 ②She signalled that she was about to turn left. 她打信号灯表示她要向左转。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空
(1)The policeman signalled the driver________(stop) his car by raising his hand. (2) (2020·全国卷Ⅰ) China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send __________ (signal) to the spacecraft and to Earth.
one of＋名词复数＋定语从句
(教材P38)Mr Yang was one of the 14 pilots who were chosen to train for space flights.
杨是被选中进行太空飞行训练的14名飞行员之一。
(1)在“one of＋名词复数＋定语从句”中，先行词是句中的复数名词，所以定语从句中的谓语动词用复数形式。
(2)在“the only one of＋名词复数＋定语从句”中，定语从句的先行词是the only one，所以定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。
①He is one of the students who have got the prize. 他是获奖的学生之一。
②This is one of the best novels that have been published this year. 这是今年已经出版的最好的小说之一。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
(1)She is the only one of the workers who ____________(get) the prize.
(2)Mary, my best friend, is one of the students who _________________(choose) to attend the international meeting on behalf of our country.
Section III Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing
lack n．缺乏；短缺 vt.没有；缺乏
(教材P42)Astronauts' bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day, which will help them stay healthy.
由于缺乏重力，宇航员的骨骼和肌肉在太空中会变得非常脆弱，所以他们需要每天锻炼，这将有助于他们保持健康。
(1)for lack of...
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由于缺乏……
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a lack of... (2)lacking adj.
缺少…… 短缺的；缺乏的
be lacking in sth. 缺少某物
①They lack physical exercise and the skill to communicate with their friends face to face.
他们缺少体能锻炼和面对面与朋友交际的能力。 ②(2020·江苏卷)Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment.
后来，他在非洲工作，那里的许多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而失明。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空
(1)Though ______(lack) money, his parents managed to send him to a university. (2)The man is lacking ___ courage to overcome difficulties.
(3)There is____lack of confidence in the government's ability to manage the economy.
otherwise conj.否则；不然 adv.用别的方法；其他方面
(教材P42)Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.
宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有东西粘在一起,否则所有东西都会漂走。 otherwise/or有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件, 此时其后的句子要用虚拟语气。
①Do some exercise before you swim. Otherwise, you might hurt yourself. 在你游泳前先做一些运动。否则，你可能会伤到自己。
②(2019·天津卷)The workers were not better organized，otherwise they would have accomplished the task in half the time.
工人们没有被更好地组织起来，否则他们会用一半的时间完成任务。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空
(1)(2019·江苏卷)What a pity！You missed the sightseeing, or we __________(have) a good time together.
(2)Work hard, ___________ you will find it hard to adapt to life in the future. argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论
(教材P44)Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.
一些人认为我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱来探索太空。
(1)argue with sb.(over/about sth.) argue for/against sth. (2)argue sb.into doing sth. argue sb.out of doing sth.
(就某事)与某人争(辩)论 据理赞成/反对…… 说服某人做某事 说服某人不做某事
(3)argument n. 争论；争吵；论点
①It's no use arguing with him about the question for he won't change his mind. 和他争论这个问题是没有用的，因为他不会改变主意。 ②He argued against the plan while his partner argued for it. 他反对这个计划，而他的搭档支持。
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[即学即练]——单句语法填空/写出加黑词的含义 (1)It is our task to argue them _____ leading a low-carbon life.
(2)After a long time of discussion they accepted the agreement without ________(argue)．
(3)I argue that every one of us should try to help those in need.________ result in 导致；造成
(教材P44)It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth.
它直接使得许多卫星绕地球运行。 result in＝lead to
导致
result from... 由……造成
①Being exposed to the noisy surroundings for a long time may result in some physical and mental problems.
长时间在嘈杂的环境中可能会导致一些身体和精神上的问题。 ②In my opinion, positive thinking and action result in success. 在我看来，积极的思想和行动造就成功。 [链接写作]——一句多译
因为有越来越多的污染，很多物种正在灭绝。
(1)More and more pollution has ____________many species' dying out. (2)That many species are dying out ________ more and more pollution.
as a result 所以；结果(是)
(教材P44)As a result, spacebased science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth's increasing population.
因此，太空科学已经在农业方面帮助增产足够的粮食来养活地球上不断增长的人口。
as a result of 作为……的结果；由于……的结果
①He was badly injured in the accident. As a result，he couldn't take part in the sports meeting. 他在事故中受了重伤，所以，他不能参加运动会了。
②As a result of flood, people suffered a lot of losses. 由于洪水，人们遭受了很大的损失。 [链接写作]——一句多译 昨天的比赛因下雨取消了。
(1)It rained yesterday, and __________ the match was cancelled. (2)The match was cancelled_________ the rain yesterday. limited adj.有限的
(教材P44)Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet's resources are limited.
看到我们的星球像黑色海洋中的一座岛屿这样的照片，让人们意识到我们的星球的资源是有限的。
(1)limit...to... be limited to sth.
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把……限定在……的范围内 受限制于某物
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(2)within the limits of 在……的范围内
there is a/no limit to 对……是有限的/无限的
①In order to leave school with no regrets, I'll make the best of my limited time to go over my lessons. 为了离开学校时没有遗憾，我将充分利用有限的时间复习功课。
②It's recommended that our sleeping time should be limited to at least 6 hours per day.
建议我们的睡眠时间应该被限制在每天至少6个小时。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空
(1)In our daily life, we should make full use of our _______(limit) natural resources.
(2)Life is limited, but there is no limit to ________(learn)． provide for sb. 为某人提供生活所需
(教材P44)In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home.
为了供养增长如此迅速的人口，科学家们正在努力寻找有一天可能成为我们新家园的其他行星。
(1)provide sb. with sth. ＝provide sth. for sb. (2)supply sb. with sth.
给某人提供某物
＝supply sth. to sb.
①He had enough money to provide for his children before he could find work. 在他找到工作之前，他有足够的钱供孩子们上学。
②Nature has provided our country with wealthy natural treasures，making it a happy home for us.
大自然为我们的祖国提供了丰富的自然宝藏，使之成为我们幸福的家园。 [链接写作]——一句多译
我们在这里为公众提供更好的服务。
(1)We are here to __________________________ a better service. (2)We are here to ___________________________the public. run out 用完；耗尽
(教材P45)It is necessary to find a new home for people in space, as the resources on Earth will run out.
有必要在太空为人们找到一个新家，因为地球上的资源将会耗尽。
run out of give out
用完，用尽(其主语通常为人) 用尽，精疲力竭(不及物动词短语) 给某人提供某物
use up 用完，消耗尽(及物动词短语)
①As far as I know, their spare supply of food is running out. 据我所知，他们的食物储备快用完了。
②We would have finished the task on time if we hadn't run out of energy.
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如果我们不是精疲力竭，我们已经准时完成任务了。 ③His strength gave out after he ran that long distance. 跑完那么长一段距离，他已经精疲力竭了。
[链接写作]——一句多译
关爱环境对我们来说很重要，因为自然资源将会枯竭。
(1)It is very important for us to care for the environment because the earth's natural resources will _____________________．
(2)It is very important for us to care for the environment because we will _______________________________ the earth's natural resources.
attach vt.系；绑；贴
(经典佳句)To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous.
说实在地, 很多人把名和利看得很重要。 (1)attach great importance to sth. 认为某事有重要意义
(2)attach...to... be attached to...
把……附在……上 喜欢……；
附属于……
①Generally speaking, parents attach great importance to their children's education.
一般说来，父母很重视孩子的教育。
②I wonder if you have attached a recent photograph to your application form. 我想知道你是否在申请表上附上了一张你最近的照片。
③As far as I know, this hospital is attached to the medical college nearby. 据我所知，这家医院附属于附近的那所医学院。 [链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达)Many of us teenagers think our phones are much more important than our friends.
(高级表达)Many of us teenagers _________________________________ our phones than to our friends.
Section Ⅳ Discovering Useful Structures
动词不定式
动词不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成。这里的to是不定式标志，无意义，有时可省略。其否定形式为“not＋动词不定式”。不定式既有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。
考点一 不定式的时态和语态 主动语态 被动语态 意义 一般时 to do to be done 表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后 12
2021—2022第二学期高一英语B3U4学案
完成时 进行时 完成进 行时 to have done to be doing to have been done 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前 表示谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，且一直持续到谓语动作发生时仍在进行 to have been doing ◆My father has decided to cut out smoking. 我父亲已经决定戒烟了。
◆The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance. 明天要举行的会议很重要。
◆I'm very sorry to have kept you sitting around doing nothing. 让你一直无所事事闲坐着我感到很抱歉。
◆The little boy pretended to be reading the book when his teacher entered the classroom.
当他的老师走进教室时，小男孩假装正在读书。 【即时演练1】——单句语法填空
(1)I am really honoured ________(invite) to attend this global meeting. (2)_____________(finish) the task on time, we worked day and night. (3)I want to have a separate room ____________(live) in. 考点二 不定式的句法功能 1．不定式作状语
(1)不定式作目的状语时可与so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首， 也可转换为so that/in order that 引导的目的状语从句。
◆A group of young people got together to discuss the problem. 一群年轻人聚在一起讨论这个问题。
◆To help him, he would do everything he could. 为了帮助他，他会尽他所能。
◆To/In order to catch the early bus, I got up early this morning.
→I got up early this morning to/in order to/so as to catch the early bus. →I got up early this morning so that I could catch the early bus. 为了赶早班车，我今天早上起得很早。
(2)不定式作原因状语多用在某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的形容词后，常见结构为： “Sb.＋be＋adj.＋to do sth.”。
◆I'm very glad to be invited to attend the meeting. 我很高兴被邀请参加这个会议。
◆He was very sad to hear the bad news. 听到这个坏消息他很难过。
(3)不定式作结果状语，多见于“too...to”“enough to...”“only to(表示意料之外的结果的发生)”“so/such...as to(如此……以至于……)”结构句中。
◆I'm too tired to do well. 我太累了而没有做好。
◆He is old enough to go to school.
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2021—2022第二学期高一英语B3U4学案
他到上学的年龄了。
◆He rushed back, only to find the book missing. 他冲了回来，却发现书不见了。
◆She is so proud as to look down upon others. 她太骄傲了，看不起别人。
熟记固定结构“be＋adj.＋to do sth.”。
◆As far as I'm concerned, he is very easy to get along with. 就我个人而言，他很容易相处。
2．不定式作定语
(1)动词不定式常常放在抽象名词attempt、ability、courage、 chance、desire、determination、decision、effort、plan、 way或不定代词something、 nothing等后面作后置定语，如果其逻辑主语是句子的主语，不定式用主动式。
◆We must have the courage to face the challenge. 我们必须有面对挑战的勇气。
◆We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday. 我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举办的派对。
(2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no、all、any等限定的中心词，且与中心词为主动关系。
◆She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 她是第一位在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。 (3)当名词与定语之间存在动宾关系时。
◆I usually have a lot of things to deal with every day. 我通常每天都有很多事情要处理。 ◆She is a nice person to work with. 她是一个很好共事的人。
不定式与被修饰的词有动宾关系，且句中有该不定式的逻辑主语时，该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。如果这个不定式是不及物动词，其后应加上适当的介词。
◆The manager is particular about the paper to write on.
经理对写字的纸很挑剔。
【即时演练2】——单句语法填空 (1)(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)They are easy _________ (care) for and make great presents. (2)Do you have the ability ___________(read) and write English?
(3)Henry has decided to go to the hospital___________ (examine) by the doctor. (4)Jane hurried back only __________(find) her mother dead in the hospital.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He came ___________(show) me his new science book.
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2021—2022第二学期高一英语B3U4学案
2．Our English teacher has many ways __________(make) her class interesting. 3．The doctors are busy doing what they can _________(save)the dying man. 4．The old man was too angry_____________(say) a word. 5．He works very hard__________(catch) up with others.
6．He hurried to the station to see Tom off, only _____(find) he had already left. 7．He has a lot of work _______(do) every weekend.
8．I have no chance ________(go) sightseeing with so much work to do. 9．He put his photos on the desk for everyone ___________(look) at. 10．My friend told me he had a lot of readings __________ (complete) before the end of the term.
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．他匆忙赶到教授家，却发现教授出去了。 He hurried to Professor's house, ________________ 2．去年寒假，我和爸爸去乡下看望我的祖父母。
During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father ________________________
3．有这么多的问题要解决，我弟弟着急得吃不下任何东西。
With so many problems to settle, my brother was______________ anything. 4．我熬夜到11点半，为的是好好看看月亮。
I stayed awake until half past eleven_________________________________the moon.
5. 安迪和鲁比是最后到达山顶的学生。
Andy and Ruby were the last students __________________________．
Section V Writing
正反对比类议论文
写作模板
Our class had a heated discussion/debate about ________ today/the other day/yesterday etc. The opinions are different, which are as follows.
Some students think/believe that ________. Firstly, ________．Secondly, ________．Thirdly, ________. However, others don't hold the same opinion. They think/believe that ________. To begin with, ________．In addition, ________. Last but not least, ________．
In my opinion/As far as I am concerned, ________． 写作要求
假定你是李华，最近你班同学就“太空探索是否值得”这一话题展开了一场激烈的讨论。请你根据以下提示，用英文写一篇文章，介绍此次讨论的结果。
1.太空探索的缺点； 2.太空探索的好处。
注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 一、审题谋篇
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2021—2022第二学期高一英语B3U4学案
二、词汇推敲
1．进行激烈的讨论 2．值得探索 3．离我们和我们的日常生活太远了 4．饥饿 5．从……获益很多 6．天气预报 7．发现新能源 8．能源短缺 三、遣词造句 1．完成句子
①最近，我们班的学生就太空探索是否值得进行了热烈的讨论。 Recently, the students in our class _____________________________ ②30%的学生认为太空探索不值得。
30% of the students think space exploration _____________________． ③在太空探索上花了很多钱。
A lot of money __________________________ ④它可以用来解决许多问题，如污染和饥饿。
__________________________________ such as pollution and starvation. ⑤70%的学生认为太空探索是必要的。
70% of the students think _________________________________ ⑥我们从太空探索中受益良多，比如利用卫星进行通信和天气预报。
We ______________________________, such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast.
⑦太空研究将使我们能够找到新的资源来解决地球上的能源短缺问题。 Space research will ______________________________________ of energy shortages on the earth.
2．句式升级
⑧用过去分词作定语合并升级句③和句④
_________________________________________________________________ ⑨用because 引导的原因状语从句合并升级句⑤和句⑥
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 四、妙笔成篇
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_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
第6课时—exercises
I.阅读理解
A
Passage du Gois is a natural road located on the Atlantic coast of France in Vendée.The 4，150meterlong road, which leads from the mainland to the island of Noirmoutier, is covered with water twice a day during high tide (潮)．If you have mixed up the time of the tide, the only way out is a boat.The road can be used just at low tide.It is only an hour and a half before the lowest water level and an hour and a half after it.
In order to drive along this road, you need to know the time of the tides.In any case, follow the advice on the electric boards placed on both ends of the road, and you will know whether it is passable or not.Although it is forbidden (禁止) by law, in very bad cases, you can stay on the coastline.It is strictly forbidden to park a car on the sidewalk.To avoid slipping (滑) sideways, you need to drive slowly.
Trucks and buses can cross the road only from the mainland to the island.At high tide, from 1.3 to 4 meters of water covers the road.After high tide, the road becomes wet and slippery because of the algae (水藻) that remain on it.When this passage is littered with algae, it may be dangerous to cross.This area is very often covered with thick fogs (雾), so it is better to wait for the low water on the land.
This road was first used in the 16th century, and gradually became covered with silt (sand, dirt, and very small rocks)．This road was even used several times for the Tour de France (a well-known bicycle race)．Today, thousands of tourists come here
every year to watch how the road goes underwater twice a day and then reappears.It is so special that you will never find the same one anywhere else in the world!
1．What can we learn about Passage du Gois? A．It is five kilometers long. B．It is between two islands.
C．It goes underwater two times every day. D．It can be crossed within 1.5 hours by car. 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Time to cross Passage du Gois.
B．The brief history of Passage du Gois. C．Things you should know before you go. D．Places you can stay when high tide comes. 3．What makes crossing the road dangerous? A．The weather in France. B．The changing directions. C．The rubbish left by tourists. D．The water plant on the road.
4．Why does the author mention the Tour de France?
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2021—2022第二学期高一英语B3U4学案
A．To present how famous Passage du Gois is.
B．To explain why Passage du Gois becomes famous. C．To encourage people to come and see Passage du Gois.
D．To discuss the importance of Passage du Gois in cycling.
B
If asked whether space exploration (探索) should continue, most Americans would give an immediate response either in favour of continuing or in favour of ending space exploration.A common response would be that space exploration is a waste of
money.An average American, uneducated on the subject, might believe that the government is wasting billions of dollars on the research that has no value.Someone ignorant of the subject might say that a space shuttle goes up once in a while and that is about all that happens.Research is ongoing and continues when there are no shuttles being launched.This also costs the government money.Does the extreme cost of space exploration make sense?
One argument is that the government is wasting money on the research not being used on Earth.Actually, the money goes to workers and scientists that support National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) missions, and goes to major companies that play important roles in major sectors of the US economy.Boeing is a partner of NASA for aircraft, the same company that makes commercial aircraft for the airline industry.
Another benefit of continuing space exploration is the many spinoff technologies(衍生技术) it provides.The artificial heart resulted from experiments on the space shuttle.The handheld Jaws of Life used to save victims from car accidents originated from the system used to separate the space shuttle from its booster rockets.Insulation in homes that keeps them warm and energy efficient is based on the technology used to insulate the space shuttle.
There are direct benefits to the economy provided by NASA missions as well as spinoff technologies.These advances are found in food, building materials, medical procedures and the vehicles we drive.While it can be proven that billions of dollars that could be used elsewhere is being spent on space exploration, the benefits it provides outweigh the negative aspects.As a matter of fact, the money spent helps to improve the quality of our lives.
5．How is paragraph 2 mainly developed? A．By listing data.
B．By offering analyses.
C．By giving some examples.
D．By presenting research findings. 6．What is the function of Jaws of Life? A．To save people from traffic accidents. B．To do experiments on the space shuttle. C．To keep houses warm and energy efficient.
D．To separate the space shuttle from its booster rockets. 7．What does the author think of space exploration? A．It has changed our life completely. B．It costs too much money. C．It has nothing to do with us.
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2021—2022第二学期高一英语B3U4学案
D．It benefits us in many ways.
8．What would be the best title for the text? A．Benefits of Space Exploration
B．Is Space Exploration Worth the Cost?
C．How to Make Space Exploration Affordable? D．Missions of the NASA Space Shuttle Programme Ⅱ. 完形填空
In January this year, a fire destroyed the building that housed Yossi's Fish Market in Borough Park, Brooklyn: The __1__ made Yossi Heiman have no place to operate his business and no ability to get __2__. The merchant Shea Langsam owns a(n)__3__ store, just a few blocks away. One would have __4__ that sympathetic as he might be to his competitor's bad luck, he would welcome this opportunity to __5__ new customers and increase his business. __6__， Shea did something truly excellent. When he learned of the fire, he __7__ the phone and called Yossi Heiman. Not only did he __8__ him but when he heard Yossi say he would need a facility to run his business and deliver __9__ to his customers, he said, “Don't worry! Why not join me in my store before your store could be rebuilt? As fellow community members we all should try to help each other.” Shea did as he promised and Yossi __10__ his losses. The story is wonderful. It's a(n)__11__ of seeing fellow community members as part of one family and putting the need of others __12__ their own need. Businessmen usually want to make more money or grow their __13__ but the story is __14__： It's a truly sincere display of true faith and great kindness. Real faith means __15__ others and having a heart of compassion (同情) and mercy like Shea.
1．A.explosion B．battle C．accident D．campaign
2．A.attention B．assistance C．information D．income 3．A.similar B．mysterious C．online D．outdoor 4．A.explained B．agreed C．complained D．thought 5．A.treat B．acquire C．depend on D．give up 6．A.Moreover B．Therefore C．Instead D．Though 7．A.picked up B．hung up C．repaired D．provided 8．A.doubt B．comfort C．turn to D．laugh at 9．A.service B．spirit C．orders D．notes 10．A.held back B．checked on C．reported D．cut 11．A.example B．reminder C．challenge D．guide 12．A.because of B．ahead of C．out of D．as for 13．A.duty B．fame C．interest D．business 14．A.exceptional B．boring C．ridiculous D．old 15．A.respecting B. protecting C. taking control of D. caring about
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