SAT PHYSICS SUBJECT TEST 2TEST 2Your responses to the Physics Subject Test questions should be filled in on Test 2 of your answer sheet (at the back of the book). PHYSICS SUBJECT TEST 275 Questions • Time limit = 1 hour • You may NOT use a calculator.Part ADirections: Each set of lettered choices below refers to the numbered questions immediately following it. Select the one letter choice that best answers each question or best fits each statement, and then fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. A choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all in each set.Questions 1-5fixed supportspringverticaloscillationsmA block of mass motion. Frictional forces are negligible and can m undergoing simple harmonic be ignored. Questions 1-5 relate to the following quantities: (A) Amplitude (B) Frequency (D) (C) Period(E) Position of blockTotal mechanical energy of the block 1. Once the motion is underway, which quantity does NOT remain constant? 2. Which quantity is inversely proportional to the square root of the block’s mass? 3. Which quantity would always be greater if the block oscillated with a smaller force constant? 4. The maximum speed of the block is proportional to what quantity? 5. The graph of which quantity (versus time) would look like a sine wave? 462 | Cracking the SAT Physics Subject TestQuestions 6-9 (B) (A) Alpha decay (C) β– decay β+ decay (D) (E) Electron captureGamma decay 6. Which type of decay would cause the number of neutrons in the nucleus to decrease by 1 ? 7. In which type of decay is the identity of the nucleus unchanged? 8. Which type of decay ejects the heaviest particle? 9. Which type of decay would cause the atomic number of the nucleus to increase?GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEPHYSICS SUBJECT TEST 2—ContinuedQuestions 10-12y+Q– aax–QAn electric dipole, a pair of equal but opposite charges. Two isolated point charges are fixed in the positions shown on the located at the point (0, y axis; the positive charge is located at the point (0, –b) and the negative charge is the graphs labeled (A) through (E) that appear below.b). Questions 10-12 relate to (A)– aax (B)– aax (C)– aax(D) – aax (E)– aax 10. Which graph best depicts the electric field magnitude along the x axis, from x = –a to x = a ? 11. Which graph best illustrates the electric potential along the x axis, from x = –a to x = a ? 12. If a negative charge, –xdepicts the magnitude of the electric force it axis from x = –a to xq = , were moved along the a, which graph best would feel during this motion?GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEThe Princeton Review Practice SAT Physics Subject Test 2 | 463PHYSICS SUBJECT TEST 2—ContinuedPart BDirections: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then fill in the corresponding oval on the 13. answer sheet.Two people, one of mass 100 kg and the other of mass 50 kg, stand facing each other on an ice- covered (essentially frictionless) pond. If the heavier person pushes on the lighter one with a force F, then(A) the force felt by the heavier person is –1(B) (C) the force felt by the heavier person is –22Fthe magnitude of the acceleration of the Flighter person will be 12 of the magnitude (D) the magnitude of the acceleration of the of the acceleration of the heavier personlighter person will be twice the magnitude (E) None of the aboveof the acceleration of the heavier person 14. Each of the following particles is projected with the same speed into a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to B such that the particle’s initial velocity is circular path with the largest radius?B. Which one would move in a (A) Proton(B) (C) Beta particle(D) ElectronAlpha particle(E) Positron 15. Which of the following best describes the magnetic field lines created by a long, straight, current-carrying wire?(A) (B) Rays that emanate from the wire(C) Circles centered on the wire(D) Lines parallel to the wire(E) Lines perpendicular to the wireNoncircular ellipses centered on the wire 464 | Cracking the SAT Physics Subject TeststringroθdIf the rod is uniform and has mass tension in the supporting string?m, what is the (A) (mgsinθmgsin2)(B) (C) (mg2cosθ(D) mg2)(E) mg2A lightweight toy car crashes head-on into a heavier toy truck. Which of the following statements is true as a result of the collision? I. The car will experience a greater impulse II. than the truck.The car will experience a greater change in III. The magnitude of the acceleration momentum than the truck.experienced by the car will be greater (A) than that experienced by the truck.(B) I and II only(C) II only(D) III only(E) II and III onlyI, II, and IIIGO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 16. 17. PHYSICS SUBJECT TEST 2—ContinuedQuestions 18-19θmaxθA simple pendulum, composed of a bob of mass connected to the end of a massless rod, executes m simple harmonic motion as it swings through small angles of oscillation. The largest angle the pendulum makes with the vertical is denoted by effects are negligible and can be ignored, and the θmax. Frictional pendulum is near the surface of the earth, where g = 9.8 m/s2. 18. Which one of the following statements is true?(A) (B) At θ(C) At θ = 0, the tangential acceleration is 0. = θmax, the tangential acceleration is 0.(D) At θ = 0, the speed is 0.(E) At At θθ = = 0, the restoring force is maximized.θmax, the speed is maximized. 19. Knowing which one of the following would enable you to calculate the length of the pendulum?(A) (B) The mass of the bob(C) The period of the oscillations(D) The tangential acceleration at θ = 0(E) The maximum speed of the bobThe acceleration at θ = θmaxA block is moving counter-clockwise in a circular path on a flat table. If the speed of the block is increasing at the moment it is at the position shown, which one of the five arrows best illustrates the direction of the acceleration on the block?(A) A(B) B(C) C(D) D(E) EIf a particle of charge –0.2 mC were placed at a certain location within an electric field, the magnitude of the electric force it would feel is 1 N. What is the magnitude of the electric field at this location? (1 mC = 10–3(A) C)(B) 2,000 N/C(C) 5,000 N/C(D) 20,000 N/C(E) 50,000 N/C500,000 N/CGO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEThe Princeton Review Practice SAT Physics Subject Test 2 | 465 20. 21. PHYSICS SUBJECT TEST 2—Continued 22. Traveling at an initial speed of 1.5 proton enters a region of constant magnetic field, × 106 m/s, a B, of magnitude 1.0 tesla. If the proton’s initial velocity vector makes an angle of 30direction of B, compute the proton’s speed 4 ° with the seconds after entering the magnetic field.(A) 5.0 5(B) 7.5 × × 10105 m/s(C) 1.5 × 106 m/s(D) 3.0 × 106 m/s(E) 6.0 × 106 m/s m/s 23. An object of mass 2 kg increases in speed from 2 m/s to 4 m/s in 3 s. What was the total work performed on the object during this time interval?(A) (B) 4 J(C) 6 J(D) 12 J(E) 24 J36 J3 N2 N6 N2 kg 24. The figure above shows the forces acting on an object of mass 2 kg. What is the object’s acceleration?(A) (B) 2 m/s2(C) 2.5 m/s23 m/s2(D) 3.5 m/s2(E) 4 m/s2 466 | Cracking the SAT Physics Subject Test 25. Two traveling waves of equal frequency, one of amplitude 4 cm and the other of amplitude 6 cm, superimpose in a single medium. Which of the following best describes the amplitude, resultant wave?A, of the (A) (B) 2 cm ≤ A ≤ 10 cm(C) A = 5 cm(D) A(E) 10 cm = 10 cm12 cm ≤≤ AA ≤≤ 12 cm 24 cm 26. A uniform bar is lying on a flat table. Besides the gravitational and normal forces (which cancel), the bar is acted upon by exactly two other forces, Fthe table. If the net force on the rod is zero, then 1 and F2, which are parallel to the surface of which one of the following is true?(A) (B) The net torque on the bar must also be zero.The bar can accelerate translationally if F1 (C) The net torque will be zero if and F2 are not applied at the same point.F1 and F2 are (D) The bar cannot accelerate translationally or applied at the same point.(E) None of the aboverotationally.GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEPHYSICS SUBJECT TEST 2—ContinuedF 27. A uniform cylinder, initially at rest on a frictionless, horizontal surface, is pulled by a constant force From time F from time t = 0 to time t = of the following graphs best illustrates the speed, t = T on, this force is removed. Which T. vt = 2, of the cylinder’s center of mass from T ?t = 0 to (A)vtime (B)vtime (C)vtime (D)vtime (E)vtimeQuestions 28-30R2RsurfaceRA small box slides down a frictionless track in the shape of a quarter-circle of radius from rest at the top of the track, a height equal to 2R. The box starts above a horizontal surface. At the moment the box R leaves the bottom of the track, a ball of the same mass as the box is dropped from the same height at the bottom of the track. 28. How fast is the box moving when it reaches the end of the track?(B) (A) vv = = 2gR(C) (D) v = πgRgR(E) vv = = π2π2gRgR 29. Which of the following quantities must decrease as the box slides down the track?(A) (B) The normal force on the box(C) The net force on the box(D) The kinetic energy of the box(E) The potential energy of the boxThe total mechanical energy (kinetic + potential) of the boxGO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEThe Princeton Review Practice SAT Physics Subject Test 2 | 467PHYSICS SUBJECT TEST 2—Continued 30. Once the box leaves the bottom of the slide, which of the following statements best describes the motions of the box and the ball?(A) The ball hits the floor at the same time as the (B) (C) The ball hits the floor before the box does.box.(D) The ball hits the floor after the box does.The acceleration of the box is greater than (E) The acceleration of the ball is greater than the acceleration of the ball.the acceleration of the box. 468 | Cracking the SAT Physics Subject Test 31. An ellipsoid-shaped conductor is negatively charged. Which one of the following diagrams best illustrates the charge distribution and electric field lines?(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEPHYSICS SUBJECT TEST 2—Continued40 cm40 cmFThe figure above shows a square metal plate of side length 40 cm and uniform density, lying flat on a table. A force applied at one of the corners, parallel to one of F of magnitude 10 N is the sides, as shown. What’s the torque produced by (A) F relative to the center of the square?(B) 0 N-m(C) 1.0 N-m(D) 1.4 N-m(E) 2.0 N-m4.0 N-mA mover, exerting a steady force of 200 N, pushes a box of mass 50 kg across a flat wooden floor. If the velocity of the box does not change while he pushes, what is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the box and the floor?(A) 0.2(B) 0.4(C) 0.5(D) 0.6(E) 0.8What principle is the basis for the transmission of light through glass (fiber optic) cables, allowing the signal to be sent even if the cable is bent?(A) (B) Photoelectric effect(C) Uncertainty principle(D) Light diffraction(E) Light polarizationTotal internal reflection 35. A student is monitoring the pressure and absolute temperature in a container of fixed volume filled with an ideal gas as the gas is heated. Which of the following graphs best illustrates the relationship between the pressure (absolute temperature (P) and none of the gas escapes from the container?T) of the gas, assuming that (A)PT(B)PT(C)PT(D)PT(E)PTGO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEThe Princeton Review Practice SAT Physics Subject Test 2 | 469 32. 33. 34. PHYSICS SUBJECT TEST 2—Continued 36. Of the following types of waves, which type travels at the greatest speed through vacuum?(A) (B) MicrowavesRadio waves(C) (D) X-raysUltraviolet light(E) None of the above; all these waves would travel at the same speed. 37. What would happen to the electrostatic force between a pair of charged particles if both charges were doubled and the distance between them were also doubled?(A) (B) It would decrease by a factor of 4.(C) It would decrease by a factor of 2.(D) It would remain unchanged.(E) It would increase by a factor of 2.It would increase by a factor of 4. 38. As a bat flies at a constant speed of 0.04 a large tree trunk (where V toward sound), the bat emits an ultrasonic pulse. The V denotes the speed of pulse is reflected off the tree and returns to the bat, which can detect and analyze the returning signal. If the returning signal has a frequency of 61 kHz, at approximately what frequency did the bat emit the original ultrasonic pulse?(A) (B) 56 kHz(C) 62 kHz(D) 68 kHz(E) 74 kHz78 kHz 470 | Cracking the SAT Physics Subject Test 39. During practice, an athlete runs in a straight line from point X to point Ysame path from Y to X. If she runs at a constant , and then back along the speed of 3 m/s from X to Yconstant speed of 6 m/s from Y to X, what is her , and then at a average speed for the entire run?(A) (B) 3.5 m/s(C) 4 m/s(D) 4.5 m/s(E) 5 m/s5.5 m/s 40. A sky diver jumps from an airplane. After “free falling” for a while, she opens her parachute and her descent speed begins to decrease. While her descent speed decreases, let magnitude of the gravitational force on the sky F denote the diver and let upward force of air resistance (drag). Which of D denote the magnitude of the the following is then true?(A) (B) F > (C) FD(D) F < D(E) F + F – – DD < weight of the sky diverD > weight of the sky diver > 0GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEPHYSICS SUBJECT TEST 2—Continuedcationregion ofmagnetic fieldThe figure above shows a cation (a positive ion—that is, an atom that has lost one or more electrons) entering a mass spectrometer, which contains a region with a uniform magnetic field, Bin a semicircular path in the direction indicated. . Once in the magnetic field, the cation moves What is the direction of (A) B ?(B) Upward in the plane of the page(C) To the left in the plane of the page(D) To the right in the plane of the page(E) Out of the plane of the pageInto the plane of the pageA traveling wave has a frequency of 6.0 Hz, an amplitude of 0.2 m, and a wavelength of 0.5 m. What is its wave speed?(A) (B) 0.1 m/s(C) 0.6 m/s(D) 1.2 m/s(E) 2.4 m/s3.0 m/sQuestions 43-45V1V212R12RR2RS1S2XYThe circuit shown contains two switches: can connect to point X, and S1, which point Y.S2, which can connect to 43. If switch figure but switch S1 is left in the position shown in the is the current through the resistor S2 is connected to point YR ?, what (A) 3VR2(B) V2(C) 3R2VR2(D) V1(E) V3+RV21−RV2GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEThe Princeton Review Practice SAT Physics Subject Test 2 | 471 41. 42. PHYSICS SUBJECT TEST 2—Continued 44. If switch diagram, but switch S2 is left in the position shown in the what is the current through the resistor S1 is connected to point X, R ?(A) 4VR1(B) 2V1(C) 45VRR1(D) 54VR1(E) (V12+RV2) 45. If both switches are left in the positions shown in the diagram, what is the current through the resistor (A) 0R ?(B) 2(V1+V(V11R2)(C) 41+V2)(D) 2(V13R1(V5+RV2)(E) 617+RV2) 46. What does the second law of thermodynamics say should happen to an isolated, ordered system?(A) (B) Heat will flow into the system.(C) Heat will flow out of the system.(D) Work will be done by the system.(E) Work will be done on the system.The entropy within the system will increase. 472 | Cracking the SAT Physics Subject Test 47. The potential difference between the plates of a charged, parallel-plate capacitor is equal to volts. If the amount of charge on the POSITIVE X plate is equal to capacitance (in farads)?Y coulombs, what is the (A) 2XY(B) 2YX(C) YX(D) 22XY(E) YX 48. A car, starting from rest, accelerates uniformly at 4 m/s2travel in 6 s ? along a straight track. How far will it (A) (B) 24 m(C) 48 m(D) 64 m(E) 72 m144 m 49. An object is executing uniform circular motion. Which of the following quantities remain(s) constant during the object’s motion?(A) (B) Velocity and acceleration(C) Speed and velocity(D) Speed and acceleration(E) Acceleration onlySpeed onlyGO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEPHYSICS SUBJECT TEST 2—ContinuedQuestions 50-53In the diagram accompanying each question, representative light rays from an illuminated object (labeled “O” in the diagrams) interact with an optical device (or devices): a mirror, a lens, or a combination of both. In each case, identify the optical device(s)—from among the choices below—that is/are most likely in the dotted box.(A) (B) Plane mirror(C) Converging lens(D) Diverging lens(E) Plane mirror and a converging lensPlane mirror and a diverging lens50.O51.O52.O53.O 54. A superconductor is(A) a device used to study the collisions of subatomic particles that have been (B) a hollow, doughnut-shaped device containing accelerated to near light speedsa strong magnetic field for confinement of (C) an element used to generate high-energy very high temperature plasmas(D) an element whose supercooled vapor fills coherent laser lighta cloud chamber to detect the tracks of charged particles when they initiate (E) an element or alloy whose electrical condensation of the vaporresistivity vanishes when cooled to extremely low temperaturesy+Qr–QOxr 55. Two equal but opposite point charges are fixed in position on the figure above. Which of the following arrows best x and y axes, as shown in the illustrates the direction of the resulting electric field at the origin, O ?(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEThe Princeton Review Practice SAT Physics Subject Test 2 | 473PHYSICS SUBJECT TEST 2—Continued 56. The planet Jupiter is 5 times farther from the sun than the earth, and the mass of Jupiter is 300 times the mass of the earth. If FJ is the strength of the gravitational force exerted by the sun on Jupiter, and FE is the strength of the gravitational force exerted by the sun on the earth, what’s the value of the ratio FFJE?(A) 601(B) 121(C) 8(D) 12(E) 60 57. Consider a double-slit interference experiment using yellow light of wavelength slits labeled dark fringe on the screen on which the resulting Sλ, with the 1 and S2. If P is the center of a diffraction pattern is projected, which of the following equations relating distances from slits point P could be true?SS1P and S2P, the 1 and S2, respectively, to the (A) S1P – S2P = 1λ(B) (C) S2(D) S1P – S2P = λ1(E) SP – S2P = 2λS1P – S2P = 3λ1P = S2P 474 | Cracking the SAT Physics Subject Test 58. A pair of tuning forks produce sound waves that travel through the air. The frequency of the sound waves produced by the first tuning fork is 440 Hz, and the frequency of the sound waves produced by the second tuning fork is 880 Hz. If vby the first tuning fork and 1 denotes the speed of the sound waves produced the sound waves produced by the second turning v2 denotes the speed of fork, then(A) (B) v1(C) v = 2v21 = 4v2(D) v(E) v1 = v2v2 = 2v12 = 4v1 59. A block of aluminum and a block of iron each absorb the same amount of heat, and both blocks remain solid. The mass of the aluminum block is twice the mass of the iron block. If the specific heat of aluminum is twice the specific heat of iron, then(A) the increase in temperature of the aluminum block is twice the increase in temperature (B) the increase in temperature of the aluminum of the iron blockblock is four times the increase in (C) the increase in temperature of the aluminum temperature of the iron blockblock is the same as increase in (D) the increase in temperature of the iron block temperature of the iron blockis twice the increase in temperature of the (E) the increase in temperature of the iron block aluminum blockis four times the increase in temperature of the aluminum blockGO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEPHYSICS SUBJECT TEST 2—Continued 60. If a container contains a mixture of two ideal gases (of different molecular masses) at thermal equilibrium, which of the following is true?(A) The average kinetic energy of the molecules of the lighter gas is less than the average kinetic energy of the molecules of the (B) The average kinetic energy of the molecules heavier gas.of the lighter gas is greater than the average kinetic energy of the molecules of (C) The average speed of the molecules of the the heavier gas.lighter gas is less than the average speed (D) The average speed of the molecules of the of the molecules of the heavier gas.lighter gas is equal to the average speed of (E) The average speed of the molecules of the the molecules of the heavier gas.lighter gas is greater than the average speed of the molecules of the heavier gas. 61. A vertically polarized plane wave (an AM radio wave) is emitted by a radio antenna and travels across flat ground. Which of the following could describe the direction of the magnetic field component of the wave?(A) Parallel to the ground and perpendicular to (B) Perpendicular to the ground and to the the direction of propagation(C) Parallel to the ground and to the direction of direction of propagation(D) Perpendicular to the ground and parallel to propagation(E) Parallel to the electric field component of the the direction of propagationwave 62. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the frequency and amplitude of a sound wave?(A) (B) Frequency is proportional to amplitude.Frequency is proportional to the square of (C) Frequency is inversely proportional to the amplitude.(D) Frequency is inversely proportional to the amplitude.(E) Frequency and amplitude are independent.square of the amplitude. 63. An atom whose nucleus contains 17 protons and 20 neutrons is a chlorine atom. Which of the following describes the composition of the nucleus of an isotope of chlorine?(A) (B) 20 protons, 17 neutrons(C) 19 protons, 18 neutrons(D) 18 protons, 18 neutrons(E) 17 protons, 19 neutrons16 protons, 20 neutrons 64. When a projectile moving in a parabolic path reaches its highest point above the ground,(A) (B) its velocity is instantaneously zero(C) its acceleration is instantaneously zero(D) its weight balances the force of air resistance(E) the net force it feels is instantaneously zeroNone of the aboveGO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEThe Princeton Review Practice SAT Physics Subject Test 2 | 475PHYSICS SUBJECT TEST 2—ContinuedQuestions 65-662mu2mU30ºbefore them60ºafter thecollisioncollisionmvAn object of mass 2an object of mass m moving with velocity U strikes the objects move away with velocities m initially at rest. After the collision, shown.u and v, as 65. Which one of the following equations correctly relates u and v ?(A) 2(B) (C) 2u u cos 30° = 2cos 30° = v cos 60°(D) u sin 30° = v v sin 60°cos 60°(E) u u sin 30° = 2sin 30° = v v cos 60°sin 60° 66. If the collision is elastic, then(A) U2 = u2 –12v2(B) U2 = u2 +12v2(C) U = u –12v(D) U = u +12v (E) (U – u)2 = 12v2 476 | Cracking the SAT Physics Subject Test 67. The acceleration due to gravity on the moon is 1/6 of its value on Earth. If an object weighs 20 N on the moon, what is its mass on Earth?(A) (B) 2 kg(C) 7.2 kg(D) 12 kg(E) 60 kg72 kg 68. The electric field strength at a point some distance away from a source charge does NOT depend on(A) (B) the magnitude of the source charge.(C) the sign of the source charge.(D) the distance from the source charge.the nature of the medium surrounding the (E) None of the abovesource charge.GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEPHYSICS SUBJECT TEST 2—Continued 69. Which of the following equations best states the relationship between a material’s coefficient of volume expansion due to heating, coefficient of linear expansion, β, and its (A) α ?(B) β = α(C) β = β = α3α + α2(D) (E) β = α3β = 3α3 70. The ends of a long, taut tightrope are attached to two platforms. A tightrope artist walks along the tightrope and, upon reaching the middle, stops. Someone standing on one of the platforms grabs the rope near one end and sends a transverse wave pulse down the rope. When the pulse reaches the tightrope walker, he briefly rises upward, and the wave passes. This illustrates the fact that the wave transports(A) momentum(B) mass(C) weight(D) wavelength(E) densityQuestions 71-72incidentbeam35ºairglassNote: The figure is not drawn to scale.The figure above shows a beam of light striking the surface of a piece of glass from the air. 71. If the reflected beam and refracted beam are perpendicular to each other, what is the index of refraction of the glass?(A) (B) sin 55°(C) 1/sin 55°(D) 1/sin 35°(E) sin 55°/sin 35°sin 35°/sin 55° 72. Let If the incident light has a frequency of n denote the index of refraction of the glass. traveling through the air, what is the wavelength f when of the light when it travels through the glass?(A) (B) fc/n(C) n/fc(D) c/f(E) ncc/nf/fGO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEThe Princeton Review Practice SAT Physics Subject Test 2 | 477PHYSICS SUBJECT TEST 2—Continued 73. An electron that accelerates from a point near a collection of negative source charges toward a point near a collection of positive source charges experiences 75. Five identical spaceships take off from Planet X, and each passes by Planet Y at a constant speed on its way to Planet Z. A science station on Planet Y observes them passing by. The spaceship traveling at which of the following speeds would be observed to have the greatest length?(A) 6 × 107 m/s(B) 9 × 107 m/s (C) 1 × 108 m/s (D) 1.5 × 108 m/s (E) 2 × 108 m/s (A) a decrease in electrical potential energy as it moves toward a region at a lower electric potential(B) a decrease in electrical potential energy as it moves toward a region at a higher electric potential(C) an increase in electrical potential energy as it moves toward a region at a lower electric potential(D) an increase in electrical potential energy as it moves toward a region at a higher electric potential(E) no change in electrical potential energy 74. As the air around the base of a candle flame is heated, it rises and is replaced by cooler air. This illustrates what type of heat transfer?(A) Conduction(B) Convection(C) Radiation(D) Diffraction(E) Latent heatSTOPIf you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this test only. 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