2017年12月大学英语六级真题试卷(二)(题后含答案及解析)

2017年12月大学英语六级真题试卷（二） (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Translation

Part I Writing

1． For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Seek to understand others, and you will be understood. “ You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

正确答案： The Power of Mutual Understanding A host of facts in our daily life have proved that lack of understanding is a critical factor leading to disagreement among people, which makes it difficult for people to be on friendly terms with others. That’s why the phrase “mutual understanding” is emphasized. Just as the remark goes, “ Seek to understand others, and you will be understood. “ The significance of mutual understanding cannot be underestimated. On the one hand, mutual understanding serves as a prerequisite for learning progress, career success and happy life. If we understand each other and are willing to reach agreement, we can be empowered to summon multi-forces to grease the wheels of everything. On the other hand, mutual understanding is the lubricant of human relations. For those who wish to build lasting relationships and achieve civilized intercourse, mutual understanding is a foolproof strategy. To sum up, mutual understanding is the basis of our relationships with others and we would be socially idiotic without it. To avoid this, all we need is our utmost effort to seek to understand others.

解析：这是一篇一句话点评类作文，要求针对引言“试着理解他人，你就会被理解”给出自己的观点。显然，这篇作文需要论述的是“相互理解的重要性”。分析引言的含义之后，考生应该将写作重点放在阐述相互理解的重要性上。结合实际可知，相互理解在学习、工作和生活等各领域都非常重要，做到了相互理解，我们就能齐心协力做好生活中的每件事，并促进人际关系的和谐。

Part II Listening Comprehension

Section A

听力原文：W: You are going to give a short speech of thanks for the speaker this evening, aren’t you, Bill?M: Yes.W: You don’t sound very enthusiastic. It’s not that bad, is it?M: No. I don’t mind, really. But I can never forget the first speech of thanks I did.W: Why? What happened?M: Well, I was in my early twenties. I joined the local history society.W: Yes?M: Anyway, I went along to a lecture by a Miss Bligh.W: Oh. Do go on.M: She was going to talk with slides about our town in the mid-18th century. She had just published a book on the subject which was reckoned to be quite good. So

I went along. When I arrived, the secretary asked me if I could give the speech of thanks. Rather stupidly, I said yes. W: We’ve all done it. M: Anyway, from that point on, I was scared. What should I say? I decided to make notes during the lecture, and refer to interesting parts and thank her on behalf of the society. In fact, by the time Miss Bligh stood up to talk, I was feeling much better. But she was so nervous that she kept forgetting what to say, and she spoke almost in a whisper. People at the back kept calling out “We can’t hear. “ It was embarrassing! W: I can imagine it. M: At least the slides were good, that is, until the bulb in the projector blew. And she had to finish her talk with no illustrations. W: So what did you say in your speech of thanks? M: What can you say? You have to be polite. I mentioned the interesting facts, referred to the excellent slides, and then finished by saying “We’d all like to thank Miss Bligh for blowing out her slides. “ W: Oh, no.M: I felt terrible. I tried to apologize, not very successfully. W: And the speech of thanks this evening? M: I’ll write down exactly what I’m going to say and read it carefully.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. What is the man asked to do this evening?2. What do we learn about the man?3. What does the man say about Miss Bligh?4. What does the man say about the first time he gave a speech of thanks?

2．

A．Say a few words to thank the speaker. B．Introduce the speaker to the audience. C．Give a lecture on the history of the town. D．Host a talk on how to give a good speech.

正确答案：A

解析：对话开头，女士问男士他是否会在当晚的讲座上对讲话人致谢，男士对这一说法给出了肯定的回答。因此答案为A)。

3．

A．He was the founder of the local history society. B．He has worked with Miss Bligh for 20 years. C．He has published a book on public speaking. D．He joined the local history society when young.

正确答案：D

解析：对话中男士提到，二十多岁的时候，他加入了当地的一个历史社团。因此答案为D)。

4．

A．She was obviously better at talking than writing. B．She had a good knowledge of the town’s history. C．Her speech was so funny as to amuse the audience. D．Her ancestors came to the town in the 18th century.

正确答案：B

解析：对话中，男士说Miss Bligh的讲座是关于他们镇在十八世纪中叶的历史，Miss Bligh刚刚出版了一本关于该主题的书，而且这本书写得很不错。由此可知，Miss Bligh对于该城镇的历史有着比较透彻的了解。因此答案为B)。

5．

A．He read exactly what was written in his notes. B．He kept forgetting what he was going to say. C．He made an embarrassing remark. D．He was too nervous to speak up.

正确答案：C

解析：根据男士的描述，在致谢辞的末尾，他提到了Miss Bligh做讲座时十分尴尬的一个场景，虽然他试图为这句不合适的话道歉，但效果并不好。由此推断，男士做了一个十分尴尬的致谢辞。因此答案为C)。

听力原文：W: Another cup of tea, Paul?M: No, thanks. Well, what’s new, Laury?W: Nothing dramatic. But there is something you should know about.M: What’s that?W: Well, our rivals are offering extended credit terms to some of the retailers in the area.M: Oh? Which rival is this? We only have two.W: Barratts Company.M: Oh, them. Well, they are hardly a threat.W: I know they are smaller than us, but we can’t afford to ignore them.M: Yes, you are right, Laury. But I don’t like extended credit. It ties up cash we could put to better use elsewhere. But, I’ll look into it on Monday. W: Yes. And there is something else. M: Don’t tell me! The letter from the tax revenue office? W: Right. How did you know? M: Tara told me. What’s the problem?W: Well. Tom got this letter late yesterday and then went frantic trying to find copies of last year’s accounts. M: Did he find them?W: No. And he was away before I could get hold of the letter. M: How about a drive down to the office now? And we’ll see if everything’s all right. There’s another reason why I wanted a chat with you before Monday. W: I thought as much. Well, go on, surprise me.M: How about selling that new motorcycle of yours in Indonesia? W: What? You mean export? Paul, I think you’ve been away too long. This is Jayal Motors. We’ve never sold a bike abroad. M: Don’t worry, Laury. I’m not crazy. I’ve been studying the possibility and I think we should give it ago. W: It’s not as easy as that though, is it? We’d have to reorganize the whole company. M: Don’t be silly. I don’t intend starting next week. We’ll have to plan it properly. Of course, there will be a few problems... W: A few problems? I can see hundreds. For one thing, transport. I have enough trouble delivering bikes to shops only 40 miles away, never mind 5,000 miles! M: That’s what forwarding agents are for.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. What does the woman think the man should know?6. What does the woman think of Barratts Company?7. What did the woman say about the letter from the tax revenue office?8. What is the man thinking of doing?

6．

A．What their retailers demand. B．What their rivals are doing.

C．How they are going to beat their rivals. D．How dramatically the market is changing.

正确答案：B

解析：对话开头，女士对男士说有件事情他应该知道，他们的竞争对手对该地区的部分零售商提供了信贷延期条款。也就是说，女士认为男士应该了解对手正在做什么，因此答案为B)。

7．

A．They should be taken seriously. B．They are rapidly catching up.

C．Their business strategy is quite effective. D．Their potential has been underestimated.

正确答案：A

解析：对话中，男士对Barratts Company的行为没当回事，说他们根本就构不成威胁，但女士却不赞同，她认为，虽然对手的规模比不上他们公司，但不能忽视这个对手。也就是说，她认为应该认真看待竞争对手，因此答案为A)。

8．

A．She had given it to Tom.

B．It simply made her go frantic. C．She had not seen it yet.

D．It was not much of a big concern.

正确答案：C

解析：女士说，税务局的来信是Tom收到的，然后Tom就翻箱倒柜地找去年的账目，但是没有找到。而且，她还没能看看信的内容，Tom就走了。也就是说，女士还没有看到信，故答案为C)。

9．

A．Restructuring the whole company. B．Employing more forwarding agents.

C．Promoting cooperation with Jayal Motors. D．Exporting their motorbikes to Indonesia.

正确答案：D

解析：对话中，男士告诉女士，他有将新摩托车销售到印度尼西亚的想法，关于这一想法，他已经考虑了一阵子，认为应该尝试一下。因此答案为D)。

Section B

听力原文： A report on sleep and nutrition released this month found that people who consistently went to bed earlier than 11 p. m. took in fewer calories and

ate more healthy food. In contrast, “night owls” who go to bed between 11 p. m. and 3 a. m. tend to consume more coffee, alcohol, refined sugars and processed meats than early risers. This report corresponds with the existing scientific literature on bedtime and wellness. The relationship between getting more sleep and making better food choices is well-documented. A study published last year in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that people who sleep more tend to eat less unhealthy food than their peers who don’t get as much rest. And a 2015 study from the University of California, Berkeley, found that teens who go to bed late are more likely to gain weight over a five-year period. As a group, “night owl” types tend to eat less healthy food and take in more calories overall than early risers. The later one goes to bed, the more calories one records the next day. As yet a challenge to explain the cause-and-effect relationship between sleep and nutrition, there may be a third factor that impacts both of them. Or the relationship could be reversed, that is, people who eat less fall asleep earlier. Still, if late sleepers want to lose a few pounds, they can go to bed earlier than they usually do, thereby, reducing their chances of taking snacks before bedtime.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. What do we learn about the report released this month?10. What does the study from the University of California, Berkeley, find about teens who go to bed late?11. What should “night owls” do to reduce their consumption of unhealthy food?

10．

A．It makes claims in conflict with the existing research. B．It focuses on the link between bedtime and nutrition. C．It cautions against the overuse of coffee and alcohol. D．It shows that “night owls” work much less efficiently.

正确答案：B

解析：短文开头便提到了一个关于睡眠与营养的报告，该报告指出，能够在晚上11点之前上床睡觉的人摄入的卡路里比较少，饮食也比较健康，反之，在晚上11点与凌晨3点之间上床睡觉的“夜猫子”摄人咖啡、酒精、精制糖以及精肉比较多。因此答案为B)。

11．

A．They pay greater attention to food choice. B．They tend to achieve less than their peers. C．They run a higher risk of gaining weight. D．They stand a greater chance to fall sick.

正确答案：C

解析：短文中明确指出，2015年加州大学伯克利分校做了一个研究，他们发现睡得晚的青少年更有可能在未来五年内出现体重增长。因此答案为C)。

12．

A．Get up late.

B．Sleep 8 hours a day.

C．Exercise more. D．Go to bed earlier.

正确答案：D

解析：短文最后给出了建议，如果睡得晚的人想要减掉几磅体重，他们可以比平时早点上床睡觉，这样做可以减少他们在睡前吃零食的可能性。因此，早睡可以有助于“夜猫子”改善不健康的饮食结构。因此答案为D)。

听力原文： Researchers have found not just a diversity problem in Hollywood but actually an inclusion crisis. With less than a week before an Oscars ceremony that has already been criticized for an all-white list of acting nominees, a study shows the film industry does worse than television. Just 3.4 percent of film directors were female, and only 7 percent of films had a cast whose balance of race and ethnicity reflected the country’s diversity. When researchers looked at all TV shows, they also found that women of color over 40 were regarded as “largely invisible” and just 22 percent of TV series creators were female. Overall, the study found half the films and TV shows had no Asian speaking characters and more than one-fifth of them had no black characters with dialogue. The film industry still functions as a straight, white, boy’s club. When looking at how women are depicted, the study found female characters were four times more likely to be shown in sexy clothing and nearly four times as likely to be referred to as physically attractive. But their results also indicated films and TV shows with women or people of color in the important jobs behind the scenes—director, producer or writer—tended to have better diversity numbers. Across TV and film, the underrepresentation of non-white characters falls mostly on Hispanics. Among more than 10,000 characters, proportions of white, black and Asian characters came close to U. S. population figures. But Hispanics were just 5. 8 percent of characters, despite being about 17 percent of the U. S. population.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. Why has the Oscars ceremony been criticized?13. What do we learn from the research?14. Who are regarded as “largely invisible” on TV shows?15. What does the speaker say about Hispanics?

13．

A．All of the acting nominees are white. B．It has got too much publicity on TV. C．It is prejudiced against foreign films. D．Only 7% of the nominees are female.

正确答案：A

解析：短文中提到，距离奥斯卡颁奖典礼还有不到一周的时间，因提名人员全都是白人而饱受批评，研究发现电影业的情况确实要比电视业更糟糕。因此答案为A)。

14．

A．22 percent of movie directors were people of color. B．Half of the TV programs were ethnically balanced.

C．Only one-fifth of TV shows had black characters. D．Only 3.4 percent of film directors were women.

正确答案：D

解析：短文中明确提到，只有3．4％的电影导演是女性。因此答案为D)。

15．

A．Non-white males. B．Program creators.

C．Females of color over 40. D．Asian speaking characters.

正确答案：C

解析：短文中提到，研究人员研究电视节目时发现，节目中“几乎见不到”40岁以上的有色人种女性。因此答案为C)。

16．

A．They constitute 17% of Hollywood movie characters. B．They are most underrepresented across TV and film. C．They contribute little to the U. S. film industry. D．They account for 8.5% of the U. S. population.

正确答案：B

解析：短文中提到，统观电视和电影，非白人角色中人数最少的就是西班牙裔人群。因此答案为B)。

Section C

听力原文： When purchasing life insurance, there are many important factors to consider. One should buy the policies that give the most protection at the least cost, ensure the right family members, and consider the family’s financial needs. It is important to buy the insurance from companies that are financially sound and that are represented by honest, well-trained agents. At various stages in a person’s life, different kinds of life insurance are needed for particular situations. Jerry is single and has no dependents. Probably the only life insurance he needs is enough to cover his debts and burial expenses. Insurance can be purchased at a lower rate during the young years, but by buying while young, the premiums are paid in for a longer period of time. In the end, the amount paid for premiums is about the same. A person shouldn’t buy insurance protection that really isn’t necessary. Suppose that Jerry marries Jeannette, who is a college graduate and is working. Perhaps enough insurance would be needed to cover their debts and burial expenses. Now, Jeannette has quit work and their first child is on the way. They have purchased a home with a small down payment and a 30-year mortgage. The situation regarding life insurance takes on a different look. There are dependents who need financial protection. How

much insurance is needed? As the family increases in size, it is essential to add more insurance on the breadwinner to protect the dependents. When the children are young and depend upon the family for financial needs, families with modest incomes have difficulty providing enough life insurance to protect the mother and the children. Families with modest incomes should insure the breadwinner or breadwinners first. When considering the amount of insurance for the mother with dependent children, substitute child care is a need that should be planned for until the children can care for themselves. The death of a small child would have no effect upon the income of the family. Perhaps a policy to meet funeral expenses would be sufficient for the young child, although most people do not take out insurance on their young children. As the children become financially independent of the family, the emphasis on family financial security will shift from protection to saving for the retirement years. Every family situation is different, but it is important that each family give adequate thought to planning its financial future.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. What life insurance should a single person buy, according to the speaker?17. What should people do as their family increases in size?18. When should one change their life insurance?

17．

A．One that can provide for emergency needs. B．One that can pay for their medical expenses. C．One that covers their debts and burial expenses. D．One that ensures a healthy life for their later years.

正确答案：C

解析：讲话者以Jerry为例进行讲述：Jerry单身且无家属，所以他可能仅需要能够抵债以及支付葬礼费用的保险。因此答案为C)。

18．

A．Purchase insurance for their children. B．Save sufficient money for a rainy day. C．Buy a home with a small down payment. D．Add more insurance on the breadwinner.

正确答案：D

解析：讲座中提到，Jerry的生活发生了变化，他结婚生子，并且贷款买了房子，妻子也不再工作，全家的经济负担现在都由他来承担。讲话者认为，随着家庭成员的增加，挣钱养家的人应该追加更多保险，这样才能为其他家庭成员提供足够的保障。因此答案为D)。

19．

A．When their children grow up and leave home. B．When they have saved enough for retirement. C．When their family move to a different place. D．When they have found better-paying jobs.

正确答案：A

解析：讲座末尾指出，当子女经济后，家庭的经济保险重点也应该由提供保障转向为退休后的生活而存钱。讲座中的become financially independent of the family与A)选项中的their children grow up and leave home虽然不是直接的同义转述，但所表达的都是子女在经济上不依赖于父母，已经可以的意思，因此答案为A)。

听力原文： “Stereotype” may sound like a bad word, but there’s nothing bad about it. For one thing, stereotypes are often accurate. When you ask people about their concept of stereotypes, they get it pretty much right. Also, stereotypes are often positive, particularly of groups that we ourselves belong to. Some of the statistical generalizations may be positive as some groups have reputations for being smart, for being loyal, for being brave, for all sorts of things that are not at all negative. And so there’s nothing inherently wrong about stereotypes. But there are problems with stereotypes. For one thing, they’re reliable insofar as they’re based on unbiased samples. But a lot of the information we get about human groups is through biased sources like how they’re represented in the media. And if these sources don’t give you an accurate depiction, your stereotype won’t be accurate. For example, many Jews have been troubled by Shakespeare’s depiction of Shylock. If the only Jew you know is Shakespeare’s Shylock, it’s going to be a very bad impression. So one problem with stereotypes is while we are good at drawing conclusions from them, often our information isn’t reliable. A second problem is that stereotypes, regardless of whether or not they’re accurate, can have a negative effect on the people that they apply to. And this is what psychologist, Claude Steele, described as stereotype threat. He has a vivid example of this. Here’s how to make African-Americans do worse on a math test. You have the test and you put on the test that they have to identify their race. The very act of acknowledging that they are African-Americans when given a test ignites in them thoughts of their own stereotype which is negative regarding academics and that makes them do worse. Want to know how to make a woman do worse on a math test? Same thing, get her to write down her sex. One recent study found a sort of clever twist on this. When Asian-American women are given a test and they’re asked to mark down their race, they do better than they would otherwise do. They’re reminded of a positive stereotype that boosts their morale. You ask them, on the other hand, to mark down their sex, they do worse because they’re reminded of a negative stereotype. That’s an example of how stereotypes have a potentially damaging effect on people.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. What does the speaker say about stereotypes?20. What leads to the bias of stereotypes?21. What does the speaker say is a problem with stereotypes?22. What did one recent study find about stereotypes?

20．

A．They do more harm than good. B．They have often been ignored. C．They do not help build friendship.

D．They may not always be negative.

正确答案：D

解析：讲座开头讲话者指出，虽然“固有印象”听起来是个贬义词，但其实并非如此。接下来，讲话人给出了这一说法的依据，说明有些固有印象是正面的，有些固有印象其实还十分准确。之后又话锋一转，指出固有印象也确实有些问题。因此答案为D)。

21．

A．Biased sources of information. B．Ignorance of cultural differences. C．Misinterpretation of Shakespeare. D．Tendency to jump to conclusions.

正确答案：A 解析：讲话者提到固有印象的第一个问题时指出，只有在形成依据是公允的、不偏不倚的情况下，所形成的固有印象才是公允的。反之，如果消息来源本身就带有偏见，那就不可能形成公允的印象。因此答案为A)。

22．

A．They are hard to dismiss once attached to a certain group. B．They may have a negative impact on people they apply to. C．They persist even when circumstances have changed. D．They are often applied to minorities and ethnic people.

正确答案：B

解析：讲话者说，固有印象的第二个问题在于，不论其本身正确与否，对于那些被套用固有印象进行判断的人来说，他们都会受到某些负面影响。因此答案为B)。

23．

A．They impact people more or less in the same way. B．Some people are more sensitive to them than others.

C．A positive stereotype may help one achieve better results. D．A negative stereotype sticks while a positive one does not.

正确答案：C 解析：讲话者在讲座最后说，最近关于固有印象的一项研究有一个不同的发现：在对亚裔美国女性进行测试时，要求她们标记自己的种族特征，这些女性在测试中可以取得更好的成绩。由此可知，某些固有印象给人带来的是正面的、积极的刺激，有助于人们取得更好的结果。因此答案为C)。

听力原文： Sometimes when you take a common drug, you may have a side effect. That is, the drug may cause some effect other than its intended one. When

these side effects occur, they are called adverse reactions. Whenever you have an adverse reaction, you should stop taking the drug right away. Ask your pharmacist whether he can suggest a drug that will relieve the symptoms but that will not cause the adverse reaction. If an adverse reaction to a drug is serious, consult your doctor for advice at once. Drugs that are safe in the dosage stated on the label may be very dangerous in large doses. For example, aspirin is seldom thought of as dangerous, but there are many reports of accidental poisoning of young children who take too many aspirin pills as well as the possible development of Reye syndrome in children with flu. In adults, excessive use of some pain-killing drugs may cause severe kidney damage. Some drugs for relief of stomach upsets, when taken in excess, can perhaps cause serious digestive problems. You should never use any over-the-counter drug on a regular, continued basis, or in large quantities, except on your doctor’s advice. You could be suffering from a serious illness that needs a doctor’s care. Each drug you take not only acts on the body but may also alter the effect of any other drug you are taking. Sometimes this can cause dangerous or even fatal reactions. For example, aspirin increases the blood-thinning effects of drugs given to patients with heart disease. Therefore, a patient who has been taking such a drug may risk bleeding if he or she uses aspirin for a headache. Before using several drugs together you should ask your doctor and follow his advice. Your pharmacist can tell you whether certain drugs can safely be taken together. Alcohol may increase the effect of a drug—sleeping pills combine with alcohol to produce a sleepy feeling. When taking any drug, you should ask your doctor whether drinking alcohol could be dangerous in combination with the medicine. Experts believe there is a relationship between adult abuse of legitimate medicines and the drug culture that has swept our country. You can do your share to reduce the chances that your children will become part of the drug culture by treating all medicines with respect. Always let your children know that medicines and drugs should not be used carelessly.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23. What does the speaker say you should do when you have an adverse reaction?24. What does the speaker say about alcohol drinking?25. What does the speaker call on parents to do at the end of the talk?

24．

A．Use some over-the-counter medicine instead. B．Quit taking the medicine immediately. C．Take some drug to relieve the side effect.

D．Ask your pharmacist to explain why it occurs.

正确答案：B

解析：讲座中讲话者明确指出，如果所服用的药物产生了副作用，那么应该立即停止服用这种药物。因此答案为B)。

25．

A．It may help patients fall asleep. B．It may lead to mental problems.

C．It may cause serious harm to one’s liver.

D．It may increase the effect of certain drugs.

正确答案：D 解析：讲座中讲话者提到，酒精会增强某些药的药效——安眠药与酒精配合会产生困倦感。因此答案为D)。

26．

A．Tell their children to treat medicines with respect. B．Keep medicines out of the reach of their children. C．Make sure their children use quality medicines. D．Ask their children to use legitimate medicines.

正确答案：A

解析：讲座最后讲话者提到，父母可以教育孩子，让他们对药物心存敬畏，这样就可以大大降低孩子们产生药物依赖的几率。因此答案为A)。

Part III Reading Comprehension

Section A

The Pacific island nation of Palau has become home to the sixth largest marine sanctuary in the world. The new marine reserve, now the largest in the Pacific, will【C1】______no fishing or mining. Palau also established the world’s first shark sanctuary in 2009. The tiny island nation has set aside 500, 000 square kilometres—80 percent—of its maritime【C2】______, for full protection. That’s the highest percentage of an【C3】______economic zone devoted to marine conservation by any country in the world. The remaining 20 percent of the Palau seas will be reserved for local fishing by individuals and small-scale【C4】______fishing businesses with limited exports. “Island【C5】______have been among the hardest hit by the threats facing the ocean,” said President Tommy Remengesau Jr. in a statement. “ Creating this sanctuary is a bold move that the people of Palau recognise as【C6】______to our survival. We want to lead the way in restoring the health of the ocean for future generations. “ Palau has only been an【C7】______nation for twenty years and has a strong history of environmental protection. It is home to one of the world’s finest marine ecosystems, with more than 1,300 species of fish and 700 species of coral. Senator Hokkons Baules, lead【C8】______of the Palau National Marine Sanctuary Act, said the sanctuary will “help build a【C9】______future for the Palauan people by honoring the conservation traditions of our past”. These include the centuries-old custom of “bul”, where leaders would call a temporary stop to fishing for key species in order to give fish【C10】______an opportunity to replenish(补充).A)allocate I)permitB)celebrities J)secureC)commercial K)solitaryD)communities L)spectacleE)essential M)sponsorF)exclusive N)stocksG)independent O)territory H)indulge

27． 【C1】

正确答案：I

解析：空格位于情态动词will之后，动名词fishing和mining之前，应填入及物动词的原形形式。又因为本句的主语为The new marine reserve“这个新建的海洋保护区”，根据常识判断，海洋保护区内一般不允许捕鱼和采矿，故答案为permit“允许”。

28． 【C2】

正确答案：O

解析：空格位于形容词maritime之后，故应填入名词。该句的前半部分提到了500，000square kilometres“50万平方公里”，因此空格处填入的词应与地理面积有关，据此可排除celebrities、spectacle、sponsor和stocks。按照常识分析，communities“社区”与maritime“海上的，海事的”语义不搭，故答案为territory“领域，领地”。

29． 【C3】

正确答案：F

解析：空格位于冠词an之后，economic zone“经济区”之前，因此应填入形容词，且此形容词以元音音素开头。符合要求的形容词有essential“至关重要的”，exclusive“专用的，独有的”和independent“的”。因为经济区的重要性和性不是本句讨论的重点，故排除essential和independent，故答案为exclusive“专用的，独有的”。

30． 【C4】

正确答案：C

解析：空格位于复合形容词small-scale之后，fishing businesses之前，由此判断空格处应填入形容词作定语，与small-scale一起修饰fishing businesses。根据本句句意，“帕劳剩下的20％领海将被留给当地个人捕鱼及出口有限的小型______捕鱼公司。”根据常识可知，公司一般是商业营利性质的，故答案为commercial“商业的”。

31． 【C5】

正确答案：D

解析：空格位于该句的主语部分，句子的谓语动词是have been，因此应填入复数名词，与island一起构成句子的主语。符合要求的复数名词有celebrities“名人”，communities“社区”和stocks“总储备量”。此时如果选择celebrities则过于狭隘，因为海洋所受的威胁不只会影响岛上的名人，而是所有人都会受影响；如果选择stocks则不符合文意。综合考虑，本题答案为communities“社区”。

32． 【C6】

正确答案：E

解析：空格位于介词as之后，也处在recognise A as B的结构中，此处可以填入形容词。备选项有essential、independent、secure和solitary。本句含义为“建立这个保护区是一个大胆的举措，帕劳的人民认为这对我们的生存______。”根据句意判断，此处“建立保护区”对于“求生存”而言不是“的”、“安全的”或“单独的”，而是“至关重要的”，故答案为essential“至关重要的”。

33． 【C7】

正确答案：G

解析：空格位于冠词an之后，名词nation之前，由此判断应填入形容词作定语修饰nation，且此形容词应以元音音素开头。备选项中仅有independent一词满足要求，故independent“的”为答案。

34． 【C8】

正确答案：M

解析：空格位于同位语结构中，处在形容词lead和介词of之间，该同位语结构是对句子主语的补充说明，又因为该句的主语为单数，因此空格处应填入单数名词。备选项有spectacle和sponsor。因为句子的主语是人，故排除spectacle“精彩的表演，壮观的景象”，答案为sponsor“发起人，倡议者”。

35． 【C9】

正确答案：J

解析：空格位于冠词a之后，名词future之前，此处应填入形容词，且此形容词以辅音音素开头。备选项有secure和solitary。本句含义为“通过信守我们过去的保护传统，给帕劳人民建立一个______的未来”。通过分析可知，整篇文章对建立海洋保护区都持赞扬态度，故排除solitary“单独的”，答案为secure“安全的”。

36． 【C10】

正确答案：N

解析：空格位于名词fish之后，且处于give sb．sth．的双宾语结构中，fish和空格共同构成sb．部分，an opportunity则对应sth．部分，由此可知空格处应填入名词。备选项有celebrities、spectacle和stocks。根据句意“领导人会要求暂停捕捞一些重要种类的鱼，给鱼类______繁衍补充的机会”，故排除celebrities和spectacle，答案为stocks“总储备量”。

Section B

Data sharing: An open mind on open data[A] It is a movement building steady momentum: a call to make research data, software code and experimental methods publicly available and transparent. A spirit of openness is gaining acceptance in the science community, and is the only way, say advocates, to address a ‘ crisis’ in science whereby too few findings are successfully reproduced. Furthermore, they say, it is the best way for researchers to gather the range of observations that are necessary to speed up discoveries or to identify large-scale trends.[B] The open-data shift poses a confusing problem for junior researchers. On the one hand, the drive to share is gathering official steam. Since 2013, global scientific bodies have begun to back policies that support increased public access to research. On the other hand, scientists disagree about how much and when they should share data, and they debate whether sharing it is more likely to accelerate science and make it more robust, or to introduce vulnerabilities and problems. As more journals and funders adopt data-sharing requirements, and as a growing number of enthusiasts call for more openness, junior researchers must find their place between adopters and those who continue to hold out, even as they strive to launch! their own careers.[C] One key challenge facing young scientists is how to be open without becoming Scientifically vulnerable. They must determine the risk of jeopardizing a job offer or a collaboration proposal from those who are wary of—or unfamiliar with—open science. And they must learn how to capitalize on the movement’s benefits, such as opportunities for more citations and a way to build a reputation without the need fdr conventional metrics, such as publication in high-impact journals.[D] Some fields have embraced open data more than others. Researchers in psychology, a field rocked by findings of reproducibility in the past few years, have been especially vocal supporters of the drive for more-open science. A few psychology journals have created incentives to increase interest in reproducible science—for example, by affixing an ‘ open-data’ badge to articles that clearly state where data are available. According to social psychologist Brian Nosek, executive director of the Center for Open Science, the average data-sharing rate for the journal Psychological Science, which uses the badges, increased tenfold to 38% from 2013 to 2015.[E] Funders, too, are increasingly adopting an open-data policy. Several strongly encourage, and some require, a data-management plan that makes data available. The US National Science Foundation is among these. Some philanthropic(慈善的)funders, including the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in Seattle, Washington, and the Wellcome Trust in London, also mandate open data from their grant recipients.[F] But many young researchers, especially those who have not been mentored in open science, are uncertain about whether to share or to stay private. Graduate students and postdocs, who often are working on their lab head’s grant, may have no choice if their supervisor or another senior colleague opposes sharing.[G] Some fear that the potential impact of sharing is too high, especially at the early stages of a career. “Everybody has a scary story about someone getting scooped(被抢先),” says New York University astronomer David Hogg. Those fears may be a factor in a lingering hesitation to share data even when publishing in journals that mandate it.[H] Researchers at small labs or at institutions

focused on teaching arguably have the most to lose when sharing hard-won data. “With my institution and teaching load, I don’t have postdocs and grad students,” says Terry McGlynn, a tropical biologist at California State University, Dominguez Hills. “ The stakes are higher for me to share data because it’s a bigger fraction of what’s happening in my lab. “[I] Researchers also point to the time sink that is involved in preparing data for others to view. Once the data and associated materials appear in a repository(存储库), answering questions and handling complaints can take many hours.[J] The time investment can present other problems. In some cases, says data scientist Karthik Ram, it may be difficult for junior researchers to embrace openness when senior colleagues—many of whom head selection and promotion committees—might ridicule what they may view as misplaced energies. “ I’ve heard this recently—that embracing the idea of open data and code makes traditional academics uncomfortable,” says Ram. “ The concern seems to be that open advocates don’t spend their time being as productive as possible. “[K] An open-science stance can also add complexity to a collaboration. Kate Ratliff, who studies social attitudes at the University of Florida, Gainesville, says that it can seem as if there are two camps in a field—those who care about open science and those who don’t. “ There’s a new area to navigate—’Are you cool with the fact that I’ll want to make the data open?’ —when talking with somebody about an interesting research idea,” shy says.[L] Despite complications and concerns, the upsides of sharing can be significant. For example, when information is uploaded to a repository, a digital object identifier(DOI)is assigned. Scientists can use a DOI to publish each step of the research life cycle, not just the final paper. In so doing, they can potentially get three citations—one each for the data and software, in addition to the paper itself. And although some say that citations for software or data have little currency in academia, they can have other benefits.[M] Many advocates think that transparent data procedures with a date and time stamp will protect scientists from being scooped. “This is the sweet spot between sharing and getting credit for it, while discouraging plagiarism(剽窃),” says Ivo Grigorov, a project coordinator at the National Institute of Aquatic Resources Research Secretariat in Charlottenlund, Denmark. Hogg says that scooping is less of a problem than many think. “ The two cases I’m familiar with didn’t involve open data or code,” he says.[N] Open science also offers junior researchers the chance to level the playing field by gaining better access to crucial data. Ross Mounce, a postdoc studying evolutionary biology at the University of Cambridge, UK, is a vocal champion of open science, partly because his fossil-based research depends on access to others’ data. He says that more openness in science could help to discourage what some perceive as a common practice of shutting out early-career scientists’ requests for data.[O] Communication also helps for those who worry about jeopardizing a collaboration, he says. Concerns about open science should be discussed at the outset of a study. “ Whenever you start a project with someone, you have to establish a clear understanding of expectations for who owns the data, at what point they go public and who can do what with them,” he says.[P] In the end, sharing data, software and materials with colleagues can help an early-career researcher to gain recognition—a crucial component of success. “The thing you are searching for is reputation,” says

Titus Brown, a genomics(基因组学)researcher at the University of California, Davis. “To get grants and jobs, you have to be relevant and achieve some level of public recognition. Anything you do that advances your presence—especially in a larger sphere, outside the communities you know—is a net win. “

37． Astronomer David Hogg doesn’t think scooping is as serious a problem as generally thought.

正确答案：M

解析：[M]段提到，霍格说，剽窃并不像很多人认为的那样是个大问题。题干中的doesn’t think…as serious a problem as generally thought对应原文中的less of a problem than many think，故答案为[M]。

38． Some researchers are hesitant to make their data public for fear that others might publish something similar before them.

正确答案：G

解析：[G]段提到，这种担忧或许是人们在分享数据时徘徊犹豫的一个原因，即使是在期刊上发表时要求公开数据。题干中的hesitant对应原文中的lingering hesitation，故答案为[G]。

39． Some psychology journals have offered incentives to encourage authors to share their data.

正确答案：D

解析：[D]段提到，一些心理学期刊也激励更多的人对可复制性科学感兴趣，比如在一些文章上贴上“开放数据”的标记，清楚地指明在哪里可以找到数据。题干中的have offered incentives对应原文中的have created incentives，故答案为[D]。

40． There is a growing demand in the science community that research data be open to the public.

正确答案：A

解析：[A]段第一句提到，这是一项产生持续声势的运动：使研究数据、软件代码和实验方法公开、透明的呼吁。题干中的a growing demand对应原文中的a movement building steady momentum；be open to the public对应原文中的publicly available and transparent，故答案为[A]。

41． Sharing data offers early-career researchers the chance to build a certain level of reputation.

正确答案：P

解析：[P]段首句提到，与同事共享数据、软件和材料能够帮助初级研究者获得认可，这也是成功的关键部分。题干中的build a certain level of reputation对应原文中的gain recognition，故答案为[P]。

42． Data sharing enables scientists to publish each step of their research work, thus leading to more citations.

正确答案：L

解析：[L]段提到，科学家可使用这个数字对象标识符来公布研究周期的每一个步骤，而不仅仅是最终的论文。这样一来，他们就可能获得三次引用。题干中的their research work对应原文中的the research life cycle，故答案为[L]。

43． Scientists hold different opinions about the extent and timing of data sharing.

正确答案：B

解析：[B]段提到，科学家对于他们分享多少数据和何时分享数据持有不同的观点。题干中的hold different opinions对应原文中的disagree；the extent and timing对应原文中的how much and when，故答案为[B]。

44． Potential problems related to data sharing should be made known to and discussed by all participants at the beginning of a joint research project.

正确答案：O

解析：[O]段提到，对于开放科学的担心在研究之初就应该加以讨论。题干中的at the beginning of是对原文中at the outset of的同义转述，故答案为[O]。

45． Sharing data and handling data-related issues can be time-consuming.

正确答案：I

解析：[I]段最后一句提到，一旦数据和相关材料出现在存储库中，回答问题和处理投诉会花费很多时间。题干中的be time-consuming对应原文中的take many hours，故答案为[I]。

46． Junior researchers may have no say when it comes to sharing data.

正确答案：F

解析：[F]段提到，研究生和博士后通常是依靠实验室主管的资金，如果他们的主管或者其他资深的同事反对共享的话，他们可能也没有别的选择。题干中的Junior researchers对应原文中的Graduate students and postdocs；have no say对应原文中的have no choice，故答案为[F]。

Section C

In the beginning of the movie /, Robot, a robot has to decide whom to save after two cars plunge into the water—Del Spooner or a child. Even though Spooner screams “Save her! Save her!” the robot rescues him because it calculates that he has a 45 percent chance of survival compared to Sarah’s 11 percent. The robot’s decision and its calculated approach raise an important question: would humans make the same choice? And which choice would we want our robotic counterparts to make? Isaac Asimov evaded the whole notion of morality in devising his three laws of robotics, which hold that 1. Robots cannot harm humans or allow humans to come to harm: 2. Robots must obey humans, except where the order would conflict with law 1: and 3. Robots must act in self-preservation, unless doing so conflicts with laws 1 or 2. These laws are programmed into Asimov’s robots—they don’t have to think, judge, or value. They don’t have to like humans or believe that hurting them is wrong or bad. They simply don’t do it. The robot who rescues Spooner’s life in J, Robot follows Asimov’s zeroth law: robots cannot harm humanity(as opposed to individual humans)or allow humanity to come to harm—an expansion of the first law that allows robots to determine what’s in the greater good. Under the first law, a robot could not harm a dangerous gunman, but under the zeroth law, a robot could kill the gunman to save others. Whether it’s possible to program a robot with safeguards such as Asimov’s laws is debatable. A word such as “harm” is vague(what about emotional harm? Is replacing a human employee harm?), and abstract concepts present coding problems. The robots in Asimov’s fiction expose complications and loopholes in the three laws, and even when the laws work, robots still have to assess situations. Assessing situations can be complicated. A robot has to identify the players, conditions, and possible outcomes for various scenarios. It’s doubtful that a computer program can do that—at least, not without some undesirable results. A roboticist at the Bristol Robotics Laboratory programmed a robot to save human proxies(替身)called “H-bots” from danger. When one H-bot headed for danger, the robot successfully pushed it out of the way. But when two H-bots became imperiled, the robot choked 42 percent of the time, unable to decide which to save and letting them both “ die. “ The experiment highlights the importance of morality: without it, how can a robot decide whom to save or what’s best for humanity, especially if it can’t calculate survival odds?

47． What question does the example in the movie raise? A．Whether robots can reach better decisions. B．Whether robots follow Asimov’s zeroth law. C．How robots may make bad judgments. D．How robots should be programmed.

正确答案：D

解析：事实细节题。定位句指出，上述的电影场景提出了机器人的决策和计算这一重要问题，并在随后的第二段中介绍了艾萨克·阿西莫夫设计其机器人编程的三条法则。可见，作者描述电影场景所提出的问题与如何设置机器人的程序

有关，故答案为D)。

48． What does the author think of Asimov’s three laws of robotics? A．They are apparently divorced from reality.

B．They did not follow the coding system of robotics. C．They laid a solid foundation for robotics.

D．They did not take moral issues into consideration.

正确答案：D

解析：观点态度题。定位句指出在作者看来，阿西莫夫在设计其机器人的三条法则时规避了所有道德理念，作者在最后一段也提到为机器人编程时考虑到道德问题是十分重要的，故答案为D)。

49． What does the author say about Asimov’s robots? A．They know what is good or bad for human beings. B．They are programmed not to hurt human beings. C．They perform duties is their owners’ best interest. D．They stop working when a moral issue is involved.

正确答案：B

解析：事实细节题。定位句指出，阿西莫夫设计的机器人应遵守的第一条法则就是机器人不能伤害人类或允许人类受到伤害，可见其被植入的程序是不可伤害人类，故答案为B)。

50． What does the author want to say by mentioning the word “harm” in Asimov’s laws?

A．Abstract concepts are hard to program. B．It is hard for robots to make decisions. C．Robots may do harm in certain situations. D．Asimov’s laws use too many vague terms.

正确答案：A

解析：推理判断题。从定位句可以看出，作者之所以提到“harm”一词，是想以此为例说明阿西莫夫法则存在的问题，该段第二句提到类似“伤害”这样的字眼太过模糊，接着提到抽象概念凸显了代码问题，再结合最后一句所述可知，如此抽象模糊的概念在实际的机器人程序设置中很难得到应用和体现，故答案为A)。

51． What has the roboticist at the Bristol Robotics Laboratory found in his experiment?

A．Robots can be made as intelligent as human beings some day. B．Robots can have moral issues encoded into their programs.

C．Robots can have trouble making decisions in complex scenarios. D．Robots can be programmed to perceive potential perils.

正确答案：C

解析：事实细节题。定位句提到，当两个人机者受到威胁时，机器人42％的时间会卡壳，无法决定应该救哪一个，从而导致它们都“死”了。可见，机器人在遇到复杂情况时难以做出决定，故答案为C)。

Our world now moves so fast that we seldom stop to see just how far we have come in just a few years. The latest iPhone 6s, for example, has a dual-core processor and fits nicely into your pocket. By comparison, you would expect to find a technological specification like this on your standard laptop in an office anywhere in the world. It’s no wonder that new applications for the Internet of Things are moving ahead fast when almost every new device we buy has a plug on the end of it or a wireless connection to the internet. Soon, our current smartphone lifestyle will expand to create our own smart home lifestyle too. All researches agree that close to 25 billion devices, things and sensors will be connected by 2020 which incidentally is also the moment that Millennials(千禧一代)are expected to make up 75 percent of our overall workforce, and the fully connected home will become a reality for large numbers of people worldwide. However, this is just the tip of the proverbial iceberg as smart buildings and even cities increasingly become the norm as leaders and business owners begin to wake up to the massive savings that technology can deliver through connected sensors and new forms of automation coupled with intelligent energy and facilities management. Online security cameras, intelligent lighting and a wealth of sensors that control both temperature and air quality are offering an unprecedented level of control, efficiency, and improvements to what were once classed necessary costs when running a business or managing a large building. We can expect that the ever-growing list of devices, systems and environments remain connected, always online and talking to each other. The big benefit will not only be in the housing of this enormous and rapidly growing amount of data, but will also be in the ability to run real time data analytics to extract actionable and ongoing knowledge. The biggest and most exciting challenge of this technology is how to creatively leverage this evergrowing amount of data to deliver cost savings, improvements and tangible benefits to both businesses and citizens of these smart cities. The good news is that most of this technology is already invented. Let’s face it, it wasn’t too long ago that the idea of working from anywhere and at anytime was some form of a distant Utopian(乌托邦式的)dream, and yet now we can perform almost any office-based task from any location in the world as long as we have access to the internet. It’s time to wake up to the fact that making smart buildings, cities and homes will dramatically improve our quality of life in the years ahead.

52． What does the example of iPhone 6s serve to show? A．The huge capacity of the smartphones people now use. B．The widespread use of smartphones all over the world.

C．The huge impact of new technology on people’s everyday life.

D．The rapid technological progress in a very short period of time.

正确答案：D

解析：推理判断题。通常来讲，例子支撑其所在位置前后的观点。作者在第一段第一句提到，如今，我们的世界进步得如此之快，以至于我们很少停下来看看我们在短短的几年内究竟走了多远。该句表明短时间之内世界发展迅速，但并未具体说明是在哪一方面。随后作者在第二句中以iPhone 6s为例，阐述了最新款苹果手机的先进，说明技术在迅速发展，故答案为D)。

53． What can we expect to see by the year 2020? A．Apps for the Internet of Things. B．The popularization of smart homes. C．The emergence of Millennials. D．Total globalization of the world.

正确答案：B

解析：事实细节题。定位句明确指出，所有的研究都认为，到2020年，将有近250亿个设备、物品和传感器互联，顺便说一下，在这一年，千禧一代预计会占据我们总劳动力的75％，并且完全互联的家庭会成为全世界大多数人所面临的现实。由此可知，预期到2020年会看到三件事：近250亿个设备、物品和传感器互联；千禧一代占据总劳动力的75％；完全互联的家庭在全世界普及，故答案为B)。

． What will business owners do when they become aware of the benefits of the Internet of Things?

A．Employ fewer workers in their operations. B．Gain automatic control of their businesses. C．Invest in more smart buildings and cities. D．Embrace whatever new technology there is.

正确答案：C

解析：推理判断题。定位句指出，技术通过连接的传感器以及与智能能源和设施管理相结合的自动化新形式实现了大量节省。由大量节省可知，这是指物联网的优点，也就是说，随着领导者和企业主开始意识到物联网的优点，智能建筑和智能城市会越来越成为常态，即会出现越来越多的智能建筑和智能城市，故答案为C)。

55． What is the most exciting challenge when we possess more and more data? A．How to turn it to profitable use. B．How to do real time data analysis. C．How to link the actionable systems. D．How to devise new ways to store it.

正确答案：A

解析：推理判断题。定位句指出，这项技术最大和最令人兴奋的挑战就是如何创造性地利用这些数量日益增长的数据，为这些智能城市的企业和公民带来成本节约、改进和切实的利益。也就说，最令人兴奋的挑战是如何将这些数量日益增长的数据变得有利可图，故答案为A)。

56． What does the author think about working from anywhere and at anytime? A．It is feasible with a connection to the internet. B．It will thrive in smart buildings, cities and homes. C．It is still a distant utopian dream for ordinary workers. D．It will deliver tangible benefits to both boss and worker.

正确答案：A 解析：推理判断题。定位句是将过去与现在进行了对比。定位句提到不久前，随时随地工作的想法还是某种遥远的乌托邦式梦想，然而现在只要可以上网，我们就能在全世界任何地方完成几乎所有办公室的工作。由此可知，利用互联网，随时随地工作是可行的，A)项中的a connection to the internet对应定位句中的have access to the internet，故为答案。

Part Ⅳ Translation

57． 青海湖位于海拔3，205米、青海省省会西宁以西约100公里处，是中国最大的咸水湖，面积4，317平方公里，最深处25．5米。有23条河注入湖中，其中大部分是季节性的。百分之八十的湖水源于五条主要河流。青海湖位于跨越亚洲的几条候鸟迁徙路线的交叉处。许多鸟类把青海湖作为迁徙过程中的暂息地。湖的西侧是著名的“鸟岛”，吸引着来自世界各地的观鸟者。每年夏天，游客们也来这里观看国际自行车比赛。

正确答案： 3,205 meters above the sea level, Qinghai Lake is located about 100 kilometers west of Xining, capital of Qinghai province in western China. Qinghai Lake, the largest saline lake in the country, has a surface area of 4,317 square kilometers with a maximum depth of 25.5 meters. Most of the 23 rivers and streams that empty into Qinghai Lake are seasonal. Five major streams provide 80% of the lake’s total influx. Located at the crossroads of several bird migration routes across Asia, Qinghai Lake offers many species an intermediate stop during their migration. On the western side of the lake is the well-known “Bird Island” , which attracts birdwatchers from across the globe. Every summer sees numerous visitors come here to watch the Qinghai Lake International Cycling Race.

解析：1．翻译第一句时，句子较长，依照翻译时宜短不宜长的原则，要注意按照意群切分句子。“海拔……米”可译为be…meters above the sea level；“省会”还可译为provincial capital；“咸水湖”还可译为saltwater lake；“其中大部分……”也可选用of which的句式。2．翻译第三句时，“百分之八十的……”也可以不调整句式，数字先行，翻译为：“80％of the lake’s total influx originates from five major streams．”。3．翻译第四句时，“位于……的交叉处”还可以译为lie at／be situated the intersection of／the meeting point of。“候鸟”可以译为migratory

birds；“迁徙路线”可以译为migration routes。4．翻译第五句时，“许多鸟类把……作为……”可用“鸟类”作主语，也可用“青海湖”作主语，可以译为：“Qinghai Lake serves as a temporary／makeshift habitat for many species during their migration．”。5．翻译第六句时，“湖的西侧是……，吸引着……”这句还有另外一种处理方式，即“The‘Bird Island’which lies to the west of the lake，attracts…”。6．翻译最后一句时，时态要明确，是一般现在时，“国际自行车比赛”可译为International Cycling Race／Event。