Unit One
People Around Us
Enhance Your Language Awareness
Words in Action
▆ Working with Words and Expressions
1. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the
following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.
▆ Answers: 1) crease 2) hint 3) assured 4) awaiting 5) hovering 6) scrawled 7) glistening 8) frail 9) sole 10) visible 11) engaged 12) biased 13) dreading 14) grinning
2. In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you know
how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.
▆ Answers: 1) for fear of 2) pulled up 3) except for 4) get by
5) make a living 6) every so often 7) in the background 8) Shut off
9) each and every 10) as it is 1
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11) wraps … around her little finger 12) caught us …unawares
▆ Increasing Your Word Power
1. Choose the definition from Column B that best matches each phrasal verb in Column A,
paying attention to the V+ Prep./Ad. collocation.
▆ Answers: 1) f 2) c 3) d 4) e 5) b 6) g 7) h 8) a
Fill in each blank in the following sentences with a proper phrasal verb. Change the verb form where necessary. ▆ Answers:
1) let out
2) clean … up 3) come through 4) waiting on 5) picked up 6) ended up 7) headed for 8) ran through
2. The prefixes ex-, fore-, pre- mean “former, before, or in advance” while the prefix post-
means “after or later than”. Study the following examples and form words by adding ex-, fore-, pre-, post- to the words given in the table and then complete each of the following sentences with a proper word you have just formed. Change the verb form where necessary. ▆ Answers: 1) foretell 2) preview 3)
4) postscript 5) postgraduate 6) precondition 7) ex-husband
Grammar in Context
Task 1: Combine the given sentences into one by using attributive clauses. ▇ Answers for reference:
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1) I encountered many people whose lives amazed me. (See Para. 3, Text B)
2) We drove in silence to the address (that/which) she had given me. (See Para. 21, Text B) 3) He pushed through the doors and headed for the back room where his apron and busing cart were waiting. (See Para. 16, Text A)
4) I had seen too many people trapped in a life of poverty who depended on the cab as their only means of transportation. (See Para. 6, Text B)
5) Their social worker, who stopped to check on Stevie every so often, admitted Stevie and his
mother had fallen between the cracks. (See Para. 6, Text A)
Task 2: Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets into English. Be sure to use present particles or past particles to modify nouns. ▇ Answers for reference:
well-considered decision, folded paper, written notice, laptop storing my annual report, a postman delivering express mail
Cloze
▆ Complete the following passage with words chosen from Text A. The initial letter of each is
given.
▆ Answers: 1) reliable 2) syndrome 3) adopted 4) got done with 5) gloomy 6) or something 7) chance
8) come through 9) barely 10) in good shape 11) booth 12) mess 13) scrawled 14) peeking 15) in
Translation
▆ Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.
▆ Answers for reference:
1) What I didn’t count on was that over time I would sincerely take pride in being a social
worker. 3
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2) Shooting a quick look at the clock on the wall, Grandma let out a cry, “Oh, My dear /My
goodness/My gracious, we’re going to miss the train!”
3) At the kindergarten entrance, I always see some kids/children holding firmly on to their
parents. Should young parents be sterner towards their kids/children and leave immediately under these circumstances?
4) In the dim street light stood a weeping little girl/ a girl weeping. 5) When making donations, rich people should be as considerate as possible in order not to put
the recipient in an embarrassing situation. 6) Since last month, my work has been revolving around the routine office duties, so now I am counting the days until the National Day comes, when my friends and I are going hiking in the countryside.
▆ Translate the following paragraph into English using the words and expressions in the box below.
▆ Answer for reference:
That was a time when life was difficult for everyone. My family could barely get by on my small income from driving a cab. One late night I responded to a call for a cab ride. To my surprise, when I arrived at the address, I found it was a frail old lay who was awaiting me. After she got into the cab, I engaged her in conversation. I learnt that she was going to the hospice. Her doctor said she didn’t have very long. The old lady told me to drive through the downtown area. She pointed at some old buildings, telling me those were the places where she used to work or live. When the cab finally pulled up in front of the hospice, I didn’t accept her fare. In the rest of the day, I was lost in thought. Though I had to make a living, I lived not for the sole purpose of surviving. When circumstances looked gloomy, the small favour I had done could be a candle light. However faint the light was, it managed to warm up a soul and ennobled me as well. I did take pride in that small favour.
Unit Two Love
Enhance Your Language Awareness
Words in Action
▆ Working with Words and Expressions
In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.
▆ Answers: curled minimum clip 4
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yielded Given preserve fascinated affection interact haste grief defies presence acquire manipulate restraints
In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.
▆ Answers: let, loose on fit into hold on
state of affairs in the course of in vain build, on in short reached for give and take
▆ Increasing Your Word Power
The prefix over- can be added to nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs, meaning “above”, “outside”, “across”, or “too much”. Study the words given in the box and choose the proper word to fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences. Change the form where necessary.
▆ Answers: overcoat overhead overjoyed overslept overweight overdue overtime 5
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overworking
Many words in English can be used both as nouns and as verbs. Listed in the following table are some of these words that you have learned in Unit One and Unit Two. Study them carefully and then complete each of the following sentences with one of them as you see fit. Change the form where necessary.
▆ Answers: crush attributes fancy bubbled grasp drizzling labeling yield
Listed in the box below are some idiomatic expressions formed with the word “hand”. Study them carefully and try to make out their meanings. You may consult a dictionary if necessary. Then translate the given sentences into English, using one of them.
▆ Answers:
We are short of hands.
I still have some money in hand. Give me a hand with this box, please. I often keep a dictionary at hand. The football fans were out of hand.
Hand out the pencils to everyone in the class.
This ring was handed down to me by my grandmother. Time’s up. Please hand in your test papers. Please hand on the magazine to your roommates. I’m afraid I can’t help you. I’m a green hand.
GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT
Now complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets into English. Make sure that the sentences are in the inverted order.
▆ Answers for reference:
Sitting on the stairs was / On the stairs was sitting Over the wall came / flew Round the corner was Then finally came
Under the table was lying 6
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At / On the top of (On top of) the hill stood
Now correct the mistakes in the following sentences, if any. Write NONE under the correct sentence(s).
▆ Answers for reference:
The beaver chews down trees to get food and material to build its home with. Do your parents think Tom is a nice boy to go out with? (Cross out him) The goals for which he has fought all his life seem unimportant to him now. NONE.
The essay starts by asking a question, to which the author then gives a positive answer.
Cloze
Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.
▆ Answers: haste
state of affairs distinguished meeting of minds blossom inner charm intimacy emotion acquiring ideals admiration lasting affection forge honor
overwhelming
Translation
Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.
▆ Answers for reference:
In either friendship or love / In both friendship and love, you should never expect to take / receive the maximum while you give the minimum.
I built all my hopes on his promise(s), only to find that he was not a man of sincerity at all. 7
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We took Mother to all the best hospitals we could find, but all our efforts were in vain; she failed to survive the disease.
Valentine’s Day is an annual holiday celebrated on February 14, a perfect dayto express love to the object of your / one’s affection.
In the information era, communications with far-away friends via e-mail can be almost / virtually simultaneous.
Love needs to be nurtured, and the “eternal / everlasting love” that we all dream to have is not forged until we learn to appreciate and tolerate the other.
There’s a difference between strength and courage. It takes strength to survive. It takes courage to live.
She was by nature a very affectionate person, always ready to give a helping hand to others.
Translate the following paragraph into English, using the words and expressions in the box below.
▆ Answers for reference:
After dinner, we all sat around the hearth. Aunt Susan was still in the grief of losing Uncle Robert. In her soft voice she told us about their past years. Uncle Robert joined the army shortly after they were engaged. Given the critical situation at the time when lots of army men didn’t return alive, you can imagine how much horrified Aunt Susan was every day, and how much overjoyed she was to see Uncle Robert back safe and sound from the European battlefield. Then they got married and brought up five children. For all those years, their affection for each other grew stronger in the course of overcoming difficulties and hardships in life. I was fascinated by Aunt Susan’s story, which was totally different from my ideal of love. They practiced, in their daily life, giving and sharing instead of pursuing passion and romance, or making complaints. Amazingly, such love lasted through their whole life.
Unit Three Friendship
Enhance Your Language Awareness
Words in Action
Working with Words and Expressions
3. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following
sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ▆ Answers:
a) bound b) unfolded c) possessing 8
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d) e) f) g) h) i) j) k) l) m) n)
has surpassed appointed virtues
had corresponded gazed keen grasped grounded sensible
commitments regulating
4. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Do you know how to use
them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. ▆ Answers:
1) distinguish between 2) checked up on 3) torn down 4) make a fortune 5) all of a sudden 6) lost track of
7) Casting an eye over 8) broke up
9) take pleasure in 10) described as 11) turned up 12) in so far as 13) is under arrest 14) pass on 15) as to ▆ Increasing Your Word Power
1. The preposition “as” is often used together with some verbs to describe the fact that sb./sth.
has a particular function, role or job. Translate the following into Chinese, paying attention to the “verb… as” collocation. ▆ Answers:
1) accept…as
2) respect… as 3) define…as
接受……为 尊重……为 把……定义为
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4) describe… as 5) picture… as 6) regard … as 7) see…as 8) view … as
Now complete the following sentences by using the “verb + as” collocation. 1) him both as a father and as a writer 2) myself as a swan dancing on the lake
3) the challenge as an opportunity to test his courage 4) me as one of their family members 5) it as a joke
6) Mark as being in his late teens, tall and friendly to everyone 7) as the greatest painter of his time
8) love as a way of life, while others define it as a way to feel
2. Did you notice the suffix “-al” or “-ial” in the words “trial” and “arrival” in this unit? The
suffix “–al” or “-ial” can be added to verbs to form nouns. Put down the noun forms of the following verbs in the space provided. ▆ Answers: 1) arrive 3) 5) 7) 9) 11) bury refuse survive → arrival → burial → refusal → survival 2) 4) 6) 8) 10) 12) try betray dismiss propose remove withdraw → → → → → → trial betrayal dismissal proposal removal withdrawal 把……描述成 把……想象成 把……看作 把……看作 把……看作
approve → approval dispose → disposal Now fill in the blanks in the following sentences by choosing the proper words with the suffix “–al” or “–ial” from the above table. 1) refusal 2) arrivals 3) removal 4) dismissal 5) survival 6) proposal 7) disposal 8) approval
Grammar in context
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1. In Unit 2 and Unit 3 you find the following sentences containing “no matter what”,
“whenever” and “whatever.”
Now complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in the bracket into English, using “no matter what (who, which, how, etc.)” or “whatever (whoever, whichever, however, etc.) .”
▆ Answers for reference:
1) whichever tent you are not using now 2) whoever comes /come first
3) whichever / whatever condition our captain thought was the best 4) Wherever / No matter where I go
5) whatever wishes their child/children expresses/express
6) However disappointed / No matter how disappointed you may feel about the surroundings/
environment/situation 7) Whoever breaks it
8) whenever he concentrates on a problem
2. The structure “It is…that/who…” is used to achieve emphasis, as shown in the following
sentences taken from Text A.
Now correct the mistakes in the following sentences, if any. Write NONE under the correct sentence(s).
▆ Answers for reference:
1) It is not luck but hard work that led him to today’s success.
2) Prof. Moen argues that it is energy that makes the world go round.
3) It was not until he had proved he was honest that he won the family’s trust. 4) It was clearly the headmaster himself who/that opened the door for me. 5) NONE
Cloze
Complete the following passage with words and phrases chosen from Text A. The initial letter of each target word is given. ▆ Answers:
1) classical 2) notion 3) utility 4) ground 5) occurs 6) goodness 7) as to 8) possesses 9) bound
10) mirror 11) virtuous 12) commitment 11
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13)
moral excellence
Translation
1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.
▆ Answers for reference:
7) The friendship grounded on common / shared interest does not break up easily. / It is not
easy for the friendship grounded on common /s hared interest to break up.
8) Children must learn to distinguish between violence and bravery / courage in computer
games.
9) There spring up so many new things every day in the world that it is no longer sensible to
expect a person to know / keep track of everything.
10) Laws do not regulate such things as betrayal to friends; that is why there is what we call /
is called “the court of morality”.
11) Today’s culture is described as “fast-food culture”. Whatever they may be/are doing,
people just pursue the greatest / maximum satisfaction within the shortest time.
12) As the saying goes, there is no such thing as a free lunch. If you want something, go and
earn / work for it.
a) Translate the following paragraph into English using the words and expressions in the box
below.
▆ Answers for reference:
As is commonly acknowledged / It is commonly recognised that humans are social animals. Living together in a community, we naturally expect to have friends. As to what friendship is, we have read different definitions given by Aristotle, an ancient Greek philosopher, and Cicero, a Roman statesman. No one will deny that some people make friends simply for mutual utility. Once the ground for such friendship disappears, the friendship also breaks up. However, a lot more people long for “soul pals”— those who possess virtues and with whom we can go through trials and tribulations together. Such friendships keep us away from greed and violence and inspire us to have the courage of our convictions. Such is what we call “true friendship”. It is in the company of such friends that we find ourselves surpassing our old selves and becoming better persons / people.
Unit Four sports
Enhance Your Language Awareness
Words in Action
▇ Working with Words and Expressions
1. In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the
following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ▇ Answers: 12
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1) narrowly 2) proceeded 3) features 4) crawl 5) spun 6) flashed 7) qualify 8) Despite 9) congratulate 10) consultant 11) compete 12) disciplined 13) confessed 14) tripped
2. In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. ▇ Answers: 1) kind of 2) are in for 3) came in
4) rose to their feet 5) brought up
6) made … a fool of herself 7)
8) get hot under the collar 9) looked the part 10) in an emergency 11) has had her eye on 12) is … taking shape 13) bring out
14) put in/ squeeze in 15) win … hands down
▇ Increasing Your Word Power
1. Choose two verbs from Column B for each noun in Column A, paying attention to the v.+ n.
collocation. Write down the verbs in the space provided before the corresponding noun. The first item has been done for you. Answers:
Column A Column B
1) break / set the record applaud form
award hold 2）embody / represent an idea
break host 3）award / win a medal congratulate reach 4）hold/ host the Olympic Games represent 5）applaud / congratulate an Olympic champion cross
6) form/ forge a friendship embody set 7) cross/ reach the finish line forge win
Now fill in each blank in the following sentences with a verb in Column B. Change the verb form where necessary. ▆ Answers:
1) applaud
2) embodies/represents 3) forged/formed 4) congratulated 13
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5) 6) 7) 8)
broken awarded
crossed/reached host
2. The suffix “–cy” can be added to some adjectives, nouns or verbs to form nouns, meaning “the state or quality of…”, or “the status or position of…”. Now form new words after the example and give their meanings in Chinese. Consult a dictionary if necessary. ▇ Answers: 1) accurate → accuracy 精确，准确(度) 2) adequate 3) consistent 4) delicate 5) efficient 6) intimate 7) president 8) private 9) secret 10) self-sufficient
→ adequacy → consistency → delicacy → efficiency → intimacy → presidency → privacy → secrecy → self-sufficiency 适当；充分 一致性；连贯性 细致;精致 效能，效率 亲密，密切 总统等的职位 隐私；独处 保密；保密能力 自给自足
Now fill in the blanks in the following sentences by choosing the proper words you have just formed. ▇Answers: 1) secrecy 2) presidency 3) consistency 4) efficiency 5) privacy 6) intimacy 7) accuracy
8) self-sufficiency 9) adequacy 10) delicacy
Grammar in Context
1. Study the following sentences, each of which contains either an “appositive phrase” or an
“appositive clause”, and then do the following task.
Now translate the following sentences into English, using either an “appositive phrase” or an “appositive clause” . ▇ Answers for reference:
1) Football, his only hobby in life, has brought him many friends.
2) The President of the company, Mrs Jones, held a press conference after the board meeting. 3) The question whether to confess or not has been troubling little Tom.
4) You should not have any doubt about the fact that the criminal has been arrested.
5) The news was immediately spread far and wide that Beijing had won the bid for the 2008 Olympic Games.
2. Study the following sentences from this unit, paying special attention to the constructions “not… but…” and “not only/simply…but (also)…”, and then do the following task. 14
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Now answer the questions with the help of the hints given in brackets, using the constructions “not… but…” and “not only/simply…but (also)…”. ▇ Answers for reference:
1) No, he didn’t come to help, but to hinder us.
2) It is not the players, but the supporters that are responsible for football hooliganism. 3) No, their intent is not to catch all speeders but to catch enough to give them a warning. 4) I’m not only willing, but (also) eager to join the volunteer team for the World Cup. 5) No. He translates into English not only from French, but (also) from Polish. 6) Because its appeal lies not only in its story but also in the ethical issues it raises.
▇ Answers: (1) disciplined
(2) having … eye … on (3) hands down (4) in for (5) hitting
(6) under wraps (7) add…support to (8) hot under the collar (9) fouling
(10) tremendously (11) reassured (12) qualify
(13) formed/forged (14) breaking
Cloze
Translation
1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in
brackets.
▇ Answers for reference:
1) The gasoline price is now at an all-time high, which has brought about wide public
concern.
2) He found that fish and rice feature the Japanese diet, and he then proceeded to write a
report on Japanese cooking culture.
3) The spectators expected me to come in first but they were in for a shock. With a tumble,
my chances for a gold medal in figure skating evaporated.
4) He was a beggar but he didn’t look the part at all, because he was clean-shaven, wearing
glasses and a brand-new suit.
5) Having tripped over another athlete’s foot, he fell down on the track, but soon rose to his
feet and limped to the finish line.
6) On such a grand occasion I didn’t want to make a fool of myself, so I decided to take the
challenge and compete against that youngster.
2. Translate the following paragraph into English, using the words and expressions in the box below.
▇ Answers for reference:
A gold medal is a tribute to the athletic talent, determination and courage of an Olympic champion. Then how do the athletes make themselves fortunate enough to be so highly honored? The champions who have mounted the winners’ stand can offer an answer based on their own experiences. First, in the course of training, they visualize themselves as champions. Once their dreams of becoming champions take shape, they will cling to them courageously. What’s more, top performers are driven to bring out their best. They discipline themselves and squeeze in every possible minute to practice every day. Despite their relentless efforts, they may sometimes 15
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fail to win or narrowly miss a gold medal, yet they believe in themselves and never lose heart. They are ready to take on the most psychologically and technically challenging tasks or competitions. In reality, all champions have experienced lots of hardships on their way to the vital break of their lifetime. So we won’t and can’t say that a champion is lucky. After all, luck only strikes those prepared to capitalize on it.
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