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表语是用来说明 主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,表语常由名词、形容词、 副词、 介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、 从句来充当,它常位于系动词(be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词)之后。如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的,那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句。
一、名词作表语
Africa is a big continent. 非洲是个大洲。
That remains a puzzle to me. 这对我还是个难题。 二、代词作表语
What’s your fax number? 你的传真号是多少? Who's your best friend? 你最好的朋友是谁? 三、形容词作表语 I feel much better today. 我今天感觉好多了。
He is old but he is healthy。 他很老,但他很健康。 四、数词作表语
She was the first to learn about it. 她是第一个知道的人。 五、不定式作表语
Her job is selling computers. 她的工作是销售电脑。
Our next step was to get raw materials ready.
我们下一步是把原料准备好。
作表语的 不定式短语通常是说明 主语的内容,这时主语通常是如下名词:
hope, idea, job, plan, wish, aim, purpose, thing, business <><><>
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.
新技术的目的是使生活更便利,而不是更繁琐。 Her wish is to become a singer. 她的愿望是当一名歌手。
Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks. 我们的计划就是在两星期内完成这项工作。 六、介词短语作表语
The patient is out of danger. 病人脱险了。 I don’t feel at ease. 我感到不自在。 七. 副词作表语 The sun is up. 太阳升起来了。 I must be off now. 我得走了。 八.从句作表语 This is what he said. 这就是他所说的话。 表语从句的注意事项 A
表语从句一定要用正常 语序。
False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel. Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
B
引导名词性从句时if/whether(是否)用法辨析: if不能引导表语从句,只能用whether 来引导。
引导宾语从句时if/whether可以互换,但 介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether来引导。
位于句首的主语从句只能用whether来引导,同位语从句也只能用whether来引导。
False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us. Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.
C
不像宾语从句,在有表语从句的 复合句中,主句 时态和从句时态可以不一致。
Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
Right: The question is why he cried yesterday. D
that在表语从句中不可以省掉。 表语从句只能置于主句之后,而主句的 动词只能是 连系动词。
名词性从句在be等 系动词后作 表语时被称为表语从句。 例如:
The problem is how we can get the things we need. 问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。(how 在表语从句中充当方式 状语)
The scissors are not what I need.
这把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what 在表语从句中充当 宾语) What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(what在 主语从句中作 直接宾语, that作为表语从句的 引导词在该表语从句中不充当 句子成分,但不能省略)
That is what I want to tell you.
那就是我想要对你讲的。(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语) That is why she failed to pass the exam.
那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why 在表语从句中充当原因 状语) “That is why...”是常用句型, 意为“这就是……的原因/因此……”, 其中why引导的 名词性从句在句中作 表语, 该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结,
又如:
That is why you see this old woman before you know,Jeanne. 珍妮, 这就是现在这个老太婆出现在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne对 老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感诧异, 说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后,用这一句来进行概括)。
That is why I came. 这就是我来的原因。
下面是两个与“That is why...”形式相似的结构, 它们与“That is why...”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚:
(1)“That is why...”与“That is the reason why...”同义, 只不过从语法结构上讲, “That is the reason why...”中why引导的是—个定语从句, 将其中的the reason去掉则与“That is why...”结构一样, 例如:
That is (the reason) why I cannot agree. 这就是我不能同意的理由。
(2)“That is because...”句型中从属连词because引导的 名词性从句在此作 表语, 这也是个常用句型, 意为“这就是为什么……/因为……”。“That is because...”与“That is why...”之间的不同在于“That is because...”指原因或理由, “That is why...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果, 例如:
He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.
昨天晚上他没有去看电影, 那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。
(第一句话说明结果, 第二句话说明原因)
He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.
他以前曾看过那部电影, 因此他昨天晚上没有去看。(第一句话说明原因, 第二句话说明结果)
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