完形历年真题（2009-2013）
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完形讲义—真题 Passage 1（2009年真题）
Directions: For each numbered blank in the flowing passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that __3 bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright. Intelligence, it 5 out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning — a gradual 7 — instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to __8 .
Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? That’s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I’ve ever met.
Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would __13__ on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to __16__ the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 , they would hope to study a 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive.
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完形讲义—真题
1. [A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe 2. [A] tended [B] feared [C] happened 3. [A] thinner [B] stabler [C] lighter 4. [A] tendency [B] advantage [C] inclination 5. [A] insists on [B] sums up [C] turns out 6. [A] off [B] behind [C] over 7. [A] incredible [B] spontaneous [C] inevitable 8. [A] fight [B] doubt [C] stop 9.
[A] invisible
[B] limited [C] indefinite 10. [A] upward [B] forward [C] afterward 11. [A] features [B] influences [C] results 12. [A] outside [B] on [C] by 13. [A] deliver [B] carry [C] perform 14. [A] by chance [B] in contrast [C] as usual 15. [A] if [B] unless [C] as 16. [A] moderate [B] overcome [C] determine 17. [A] at [B] for [C] after 18. [A] Above all [B] After all
[C] However
19. [A] fundamental [B] comprehensive [C] equivalent 20. [A] By accident
[B] In time
[C] So far
BADBC ADCBD DBCDA CBAAC
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[D] Imagine [D] threatened [D] dimmer [D] priority [D] puts forward [D] along [D] gradual [D] think [D] different [D] backward [D] costs [D] across [D] approve [D] for instance [D] lest [D] reach [D] with [D] Otherwise [D] hostile [D] Better still
完形讲义—真题 Passage 2（2010年真题）
Directions: For each numbered blank in the flowing passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting 1 workers' productivity. Instead, the studies ended 2 giving their name to the \"Hawthorne effecthe extremely influential idea that the very 3 to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior.
The idea arose because of the 4 behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to 5 of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not 6 what was done in the experiment; 7 something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) 8 that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 9 to alter workers' behavior 10 itself.
After several decades, the same data were 11 to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store 12 the descriptions on record, no systematic 13 was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.
It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to 14 interpretation of what happed. 15 , lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output 16 rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. 18 , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers 19 to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before 20 a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged \"Hawthorne effect\" is hard to pin down.
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完形讲义—真题
1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted 2. [A] at [B] up [C] with 3. [A] truth [B] sight [C] act 4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C] mischievous 5. [A] requirements [B] explanations [C] accounts 6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate 7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that 8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment 9.
[A] suitable
[B] excessive [C] enough 10. [A] about [B] for [C] on 11. [A] compared [B] shown
[C] subjected
12. [A] contrary to [B] consistent with [C] parallel with 13. [A] evidence [B] guidance [C] implication 14. [A] disputable [B] enlightening [C] reliable
15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence 16. [A] duly [B] accidentally [C] unpredictably 17. [A] failed [B] ceased [C] started 18. [A] Therefore [B] Furthermore [C] However 19. [A] attempted [B] tended [C] chose 20. [A] breaking
[B] climbing
[C] surpassing
ABCBC BDACD CAADB ADCBD
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[D] restored [D] off [D] proof [D] ambiguous [D] assessments [D] work [D] so long as [D] illusion [D] abundant [D] by [D] conveyed [D] peculiar to [D] source [D] misleading
[D] As usual [D] suddenly [D] continued [D] Meanwhile [D] intended [D] hitting
完形讲义—真题
Passage 3（2011年真题）
Directions: For each numbered blank in the flowing passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But __ 1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does ___2__short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, __3__ heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to __5__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __4___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does. __6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter 8 muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.
Such bodily reaction might conceivably help __9__ the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. ___11___one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow. Although sadness also __14__ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15_ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Wurzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16__ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile-or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __17__ expression. Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown, __19__ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__, the physical act of laughter could improve mood.
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完形讲义—真题
1. [A] among [B] except [C] despite 2. [A] reflect [B] demand [C] indicate 3. [A] stabilizing [B] boosting [C] impairing 4. [A] transmit [B] sustain [C] evaluate 5. [A] measurable [B] manageable [C] affordable 6. [A] In turn [B] In fact [C] In addition 7. [A] opposite [B] impossible [C] average 8. [A] hardens [B] weakens [C] tightens 9.
[A] aggravate
[B] generate [C] moderate 10. [A] physical [B] mental [C] subconscious 11. [A] Except for [B] According to [C] Due to 12. [A] with [B] on [C] in 13. [A] unless [B] until [C] if 14. [A] exhausts [B] follows [C] precedes 15. [A] into [B] from [C] towards 16. [A] fetch [B] bite [C] pick 17. [A] disappointed [B] excited [C] joyful 18. [A] adapted [B] catered [C] turned 19. [A] suggesting [B] requiring [C] mentioning 20. [A] Eventually
[B] Consequently
[C] Similarly
CDBBA BADCA BCDCB DADAC
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[D] like [D] produce [D] determining [D] observe [D] renewable [D] In brief [D] expected [D] relaxes [D] enhance [D] internal [D] As for [D] at [D] because [D] suppresses [D] beyond [D] hold [D] indifferent [D] reacted [D] supposing [D] Conversely
完形讲义—真题
Passage 4（2012年真题）
Directions: For each numbered blank in the flowing passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot 1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.
Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.
This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics.
The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_. Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust. The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _20_, convincing as law.
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完形讲义—真题
1. [A] emphasize [B] maintain [C] modify 2. [A] when [B] lest [C] before 3. [A] restored [B] weakened
[C] established
4. [A] challenged [B] compromised [C] suspected 5. [A] advanced [B] caught [C] bound 6. [A] resistant [B] subject [C] immune 7. [A] resorts [B] sticks [C] loads 8. [A] evade [B] raise [C] deny 9.
[A] line
[B] barrier [C] similarity 10. [A] by [B] as [C] though 11. [A] so [B] since [C] provided 12. [A] serve [B] satisfy [C] upset 13. [A] confirm [B] express [C] cultivate 14. [A] guarded [B] followed [C] studied 15. [A] concepts [B] theories [C] divisions 16. [A] excludes [B] questions [C] shapes 17. [A] dismissed [B] released [C] ranked 18. [A] suppress [B] exploit [C] address 19. [A] accessible [B] amiable [C] agreeable 20. [A] by all means
[B] at all costs
[C] in a word
BABDC BDBAB ACCDA CACDD
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[D] recognize [D] unless [D] eliminated [D] accepted [D] founded [D] prone [D] applies [D] settle [D] conflict [D] towards [D] though [D] replace [D] offer [D] tied [D] conceptions[D] controls [D] distorted [D] ignore [D] accountable[D] as a result
完形讲义—真题 Passage 5（2013年真题） Directions: For each numbered blank in the flowing passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points) People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day. To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 . He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her. Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 . 10 / 11
完形讲义—真题
1. [A] grants [B] submits [C] transmits 2. [A] minor [B] objective [C] crucial 3. [A] issue [B] vision [C] picture 4. [A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle 5. [A] fond [B] fearful [C] capable 6. [A] in [B] on [C] to 7. [A] if [B] until [C] though 8. [A] promote [B] emphasize [C] share 9.
[A] decision
[B] quality [C] status 10. [A] chosen [B] studied [C] found 11. [A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable 12. [A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted 13. [A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched 14. [A] put [B] got [C] gave 15. [A] instead [B] then [C] ever 16. [A] selected [B] passed [C] marked 17. [A] before [B] after [C] above 18. [A] jump [B] float [C] drop 19. [A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain 20. [A] promising
[B] possible
[C] necessary
ADCAB BADDA DCBDB CACBC
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[D] delivers [D] external [D] moment [D] Above all [D] thoughtless [D] for [D] unless [D] test [D] success [D] identified [D] otherwise [D] secured [D] arranged [D] took [D] rather [D] introduced [D] below [D] fluctuate [D] disregard [D] helpful
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