状语从句(一)

状语从句（一）

状语从句在复合句中作状语, 修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等，用以说明一件事情发生的时间,地点,原因,条件,结果等。按其意义和作用时间，状语从句分为9种：时间、地点、原因、条件、比较、目的，结果、方式、让步状语从句。

一 时间状语从句

引导时间状语从句的连词有：when / while/ as；as soon as, hardly…when, no sooner…than ; (not…) until; before, after, since, now that ; once; the minute/moment/instant, directly等。 1 when / while/ as When “当…的时候”。表示从句动作与主句动作同时发生，也可在主句之前或之后发生。

既可指某一个时间点,也可指一段时间; 既可以跟延续动词，也可以跟非延续动词； When he was eating his breakfast, he heard the door bell ring.（同时；延续动词；） When he reached home, he had a little rest.（之前；非延续动词；）

When he reached home, the children had fallen asleep.（之后；非延续动词） When he was young , he wanted to be an astronaut. (一段时间) while指“在某一段时间里”，“在„期间”， 表示主句动作与从句动作同时发生，或主句动作发生在从句动作过程之中。引导的动作必须是持续性的;

While he was reading, his wife was cooking. Please write while I read. As

(1)“当…的时,与…同时”，强调从句的动作还没结束，主句动作已经开始。 As he was eating his breakfast, he heard the door bell ring. She broke a glass as she stood up. (从句用动态动词，而不用状态动词) (2) ”一边„„一边„„”, 强调两个动作并行发生。 As he was reading, he was listening to the radio. （3）强调同一时间内两个动作相继发生，或紧接着先后发生。 As I was going out, it began to rain. （4）“随着…”。强调同一时间内两个动作相伴发生，即一个动作随着另一个动作发展变化。

As spring warms the good earth, all flowers begin to bloom. You will grow wiser as you grow older. 注意:

when / while都可以做并列连词,连接并列句, when表示 “就在这时/忽然”和 “was doing”, “had just done”和 “was about to do”连用; eg. I was walking in the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from

behind. 我正在街上走着，就在这时忽然有人从后面拍我的肩膀。 while则表示 “然而”，强调前后对比或说明两种情况相反。 eg. My father was cooking while my mother was playing cards. 2 “一„„就„„” as soon as, immediately , directly , instant ly+句子 As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I’ll write to you.

upon(on)+V-ing /n.； at+n. On arriving (leaving, returning…),

The crying boy smiled at the sight of his mother. the +时间名词(moment /minute/second/instant……)+句子 我刚一到家，就下雨了。

I had hardly got home when it began to rain. =Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. =No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

The first time, the last time, next time, each/every time… The first time they met at the party, they fell in love. I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her. Every time I went to his house, he was out. hardly…when; no sooner…than I had hardly sat down when he stepped in. Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.

3. before在…之前 表示两件事先后发生。 I started my meal before he arrived. He didn’t arrive before I returned 在不同结构中，before 有多种翻译

（1）It will be +一段时间+before从句(does) ……之后，才…

It will not be +一段时间+before从句(does) 不久…… 就能/会… It was +一段时间+before从句(did) 过了……,才做了…… It was not+一段时间+before从句(did) 没过……，就做了…… （2）“不等/没等/还没….就…”

He offered me a cup of tea before I sat down (3) “刚没多久/刚不到…就…“

I hadn’t waited long before he came 我刚等不久他就来了 They hadn’t been married a month before they quarreled 他们刚结婚不到一个月就吵架了。 (4) “趁着…“

Eat it before the food gets cold 4 till /until 当在句首或与not无间隔连用及在强调句中只用until

We waited till (until)he came back .我们一直等到他回来。

She didn’t stop working until eleven o’clock .她到11点钟才停止工作。 如主句动词是延续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“（动作持续）直到…为止”; 如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示“直到…才开始” not until 句型

Eg: I didn’t go to sleep until he came back.

•

与强调句式结合↓

It was not until he came back that I went to sleep. • 与倒装句式结合↓

Not until he came back did I go to sleep

5 since It is/ has been +一段时间＋since 从句(did)： 多长时间没怎么样了。(反过来翻译)

It is 10 years since I smoked.(=I gave up smoking/dropped smoking) 我不抽烟已有10年了. It is 10 years since I met you last time. It is a long time since I enjoyed myelf. 6 by the time…到…为止 by the time+现在时，主句+将来完成时 by the time+一般过去式，主句+过去完成

By the time he arrives, we will have already left California By the time he arrived, we had already left California

三 原因状语从句

because表示直接的原因,具有很强的因果关系,专门回答对 “why”的提问; since=now that, 表示很已知的，明显的原因, 翻译成“既然”，通常放句首;

Eg: It was because his mother was badly ill that he was unhappy.

Since everyone knows it, I will not say anything.

as 表示附带说明“已知的原因”，重点在主句上。翻译成“由于”， 语气比Since弱。位置灵活，常放句首，有时也可放主句后。 As it is snowing, we shall not go to t

for 不是从属连词，而是并列连词。它不是用来说明原因，而是对前面的分句解释或补充说明理由或推断原因，不放在句首。 The day breaks, for the birds are singing. 四 条件状语从句

1. 连接词：if , unless( if„not), so/as long as,

2. 注意点：分清真实条件句和非真实条件句，非真实条件句中要用虚拟语气 If I were you, I would ask the police for help. 条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来时

在条件状语从句和结果状语从句中,表示与事实相反的条件和结果。 1) 表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果

• If 从句 were/V-ed …, 主句 should (would/could, might) +V原. eg. If I were you ,I would go at once. 我是你的话，我会马上走。

eg. If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。

2)表示与过去事实相反的假设或结果

• If 从句had Ved … , 主句 should (would/could/ might) +have Ved

eg. If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would/could/might have met the famous

singer. 如果你早来几分钟的话，你就会（可能会）见到那个著名歌唱家。 eg. If I had had the money last week, I should /would/could/might have bought a car. 如果我上星期有了这笔钱，我就会（可能）买1辆车。

3)表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果

• If 从句did/should/were to V…, 主句should (would/could/ might) +V原 eg.If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. 明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。

If it should rain, the crops would be saved.假如天下雨，庄稼就一定（有可能）得救。 If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out . 如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。

九 比 较 状 语 从 句

• as…as • not so …as • the same as • such…as • than

• His book is the same as mine. • 他的书和我的一样。

• Henry is not such a good worker as Peter . • 享利这个工人不如彼得那样好。 倍数表达法 • 他们的房子是我们的两倍. Their room is twice bigger than ours. Their room is twice as big as ours.

Their room is twice the size of ours. (length /height/weight/ width)