您的当前位置：首页正文

1情态动词的回顾与虚拟语气

来源：伴沃教育

网络课程内部讲义

情态动词的回顾与虚拟语气

教师：宋焕然爱护环境，从我做起，提倡使用电子讲义

www.Jinghua.com“在线名师”→ 资料室免费资料任你下载

情态动词的回顾与虚拟语气

情态动词

1. 表推测的情态动词

A. 表肯定推测 _____________________. *. He must / may/ might be our teacher. * He may / might come tonight. （） B. 表否定和疑问推测 ______________________ * It’s so late. Who can / could it be?

* It can’t / couldn’t be Tom who stole the money.

C. 推测的时间 ______________________________________________ 比较：

* He must be in the office. * He must be working now.

* He must have left.

* He must have been waiting for a long time. * He can′t （couldn't） be in the office. * He can't（ couldn't ） be working now. * He can't （ couldn't ） have left. I saw him a minute ago.

* He can't （ couldn't ） have been waiting for a long time.

2. 表虚拟的情态动词

* You shouldn't tell him about it.

* You shouldn't have told him about it. He is so sad now. * You needn't do it.

* You needn't have watered the flowers. Look, it’s raining.

*I’mafraidI couldn't come tonight.

* I could have come yesterday, but my mother was seriously ill.

结论： should do should have done needn′t do needn′t have done … … 时间： ___________ _____________ 动作： ___________ _____________

Note: 注意表推测的情态动词和表虚拟的情态动词的区别 A. 表推测的情态动词

--- must have done （）

~ 第 1页 ~

在线学习网址：www.Jinghua.com

www.Jinghua.com“在线名师”→ 答疑室随时随地提问互动

z He must have left this morning.

--- might / may have done （）

z He might have come. Look, there’s some money on the table. --- couldn't （can't） have done （） z He couldn’t have come; nobody saw him at the meeting. B. 表虚拟的情态动词

--- should have done （） --- shouldn't have done（） --- needn't have done （） --- could have done （） --- might have done （）

比较：

* He might have left yesterday, nobody saw him this morning.

* He might have left yesterday, but his mother was ill.

Exercise

I. 基本概念检测

1. He left yesterday, so he _____ in Beijing. A. may arrive B. may have arrived C. must arrive D. arrived 2. --- Is there a fog in the evening?

--- There _____ be. I'll make a phone call to find it out. A. must B. would C. will D. might 3. I don't believe him. He _____ be serious. A. needn't B. can't C. shouldn't D. mustn't 4. --- Did you blame him for his mistakes? --- Yes, but _____ it.

A.I shouldn't have done B.I shouldn't do C.I should have done D.I should do

5. I thought you _____ like something to read, so I have brought you some books.

A. will B. could C. might D. must 6. We ______ booked. Look, the restaurant is almost empty. A. must have B. can't have C. should have D. needn't have 7. You ____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.

A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. may not 8. You ought to _______ about it earlier. A. tell him B. have told him C. talk to him D. discuss with him 9. ---- What _____ it be?

--- It ______ be a car, for it is not moving. It ______ be a house. A. can; can’t; must B. can; must; may C. must; can’t; must D. can; must should

~ 第 2页 ~

在线学习网址：www.Jinghua.com

www.Jinghua.com“在线名师”→ 资料室免费资料任你下载

10. Don’t throw the bottle away. It _______ in the future. A. might be needed B. may need C. is needed D. shall be needed 11. The plant is dead. I _______ it more water. A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given 12. He _______ you more help, even though he was very busy. A. might have given B. might give C. should give D. may give 13. I ______ have written to him because he phoned me shortly afterwards. A. ought to B. must C. couldn't D. needn't

14. From what I learn about the hotel, the service and the weather, they ______ have enjoyed their holiday very much. A. wouldn't B. shouldn't C. needn't D. can't 15. --- Where ______ Margaret have put the empty bottles?

--- She ______ have thrown them away. They must be somewhere in this room. A. can; can't B. must; needn't C. might; must D. could; could 16. --- ______ the plane have taken off on time? --- I’m afraid not. The fog was too thick here. A. Need B. Should C. Can D. Must 17. --- Why is Jenny still standing there? It’s so cold. --- She _____ for someone. A. can wait B. might have waited C. must be waiting D. should have waited 18. You might just as well tell the manufacturer（制造商） that male customers ______ not like the design of

the furniture. A. must B. shall C. may D. need

19. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？ A. can B. should C. may D. must 20. He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. A. could B. would C. must D. need 21. We _______ have felt so tired. We’ve only been to a party. A. mustn't B. couldn't C. shouldn't D. wouldn't 22. The line was busy; someone ______ the telephone all the time. A. must use B. must be using C. must have been using D. should have been using

23. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _______ at least 150 kilometers an hour. A. should have been doing B. must have been doing C. could have done D. would have done 24. Whatever reasons he _____, they can only be excuses.

A. may give B. can give C. gives D. will give

~ 第 3页 ~

在线学习网址：www.Jinghua.com

www.Jinghua.com“在线名师”→ 答疑室随时随地提问互动

25. --- We didn’t see him at the meeting. --- He ______ it. A. cannot have attended B. needn’t have attended C. shouldn’t have attended D. must have attended

26. --- There were already five people in the car but they managed to take us as well. --- It _______ a comfortable journey. A. can't be B. shouldn't be C. mustn't have been D. couldn't have been 27. --- I stayed at a hotel while in New York. --- Oh, did you? You ____ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed 28. Sorry I’m late. I______ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. should C. can D. will 29. --- These tomatoes are huge! You must have watered them a lot! --- Yes, I _____. They ought to be ripe enough to pick by next Friday. A. do B. must C. had D. did 30. --- Morn's gift? She ________ have chosen a better one for me. --- She _______ be very happy to know it. A. should; must B. might; would C. couldn't; must D. mustn't, can't 31. --- You didn't wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you? --- Yes, but we _______. He didn't return home at all. A. couldn't have B. needn't have C. didn't need to D. should

32. Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what you

________ have done during the day. A. should B. would C. may D. must

33. She would love to have gone to the party, but she _______ extra hours to prepare for a meeting. A. had to work B. had worked C. could work D. would have worked 34. --- Why does Alice know so much about Angkor Wat? --- She _______ have been there, or … A. must B. oughtn’t to C. may C. can’t 35. He _______ the test again; in that case, his mother will be very disappointed.

A. might fail B. must have failed C. should have failed D. couldn't have failed 36. --- You couldn't have chosen any gift better for me. --- __________.

A.Oh, don't complain about a gift B. I'll give you a better one next time C. I'm glad you like it so much D. Oh, why? 37. --- Why didn't you go to yesterday's meeting?

--- I would have but I ________ too busy working on the important experiment. A. had been B. was C. were D. am

~ 第 4页 ~

在线学习网址：www.Jinghua.com

www.Jinghua.com“在线名师”→ 资料室免费资料任你下载

Subjunctive Mood---虚拟语气

语气的概念:

* You are very careful. （） * Please be careful. （）

* I wish you were more careful. （）

虚拟语气用法: 1. 非真实条件句

* If he has time, he will come. （）

* If he had time, he would come. （）

* If he had had time yesterday, he would have come. （）

More examples: （注意观察动词变化） * How nice it would be if you could stay.

* If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.

* If I hadn’t taken your advice, I would have made a big mistake. * If I were you, I would do it.

* If it weren’t raining, we wouldn’t stay indoors. * If he were here, everything would be all right.

（） * If I knew English, I would / could/ might read this book.

* If you had been more careful, you would/ could/ might have done it better.

时间

与现在/ 将来反

从句

主句

与过去反

~ 第 5页 ~

在线学习网址：www.Jinghua.com

www.Jinghua.com“在线名师”→ 答疑室随时随地提问互动

Note: 与将来事实相反，从句还有其它两种表达方法 * If I did it, I would do it in a different way.

* If I should do it, I would do it in a different way. * If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way. 几种特殊情况: A.

* If you had come last Wednesday, you might know it well now. B.

* I was ill that day，otherwise I would have come. （= If I hadn’t been ill that day, I would have come.） * Anyone in her position would have done the same.

（= If you had been in her position, you would have done the same.）

* He could have given you more help, but he _____（be） so busy that day. A. was B. had been C. is D. were C.

* Had they time, they would certainly come and help. （= If they had time, …）

* Had you come earlier, you could have seen him.

（ = ） * Were I in your position, I might agree with him.

（= ） * Should there be a flood, what should we do?

（= ）

2. 情态动词的虚拟语气（参前）

3. 其它用法

A . wish 后宾语从句 * I wish I were you.

* How I wish It were not raining. * I wish you had gone there last night.

动词变化规律: .

B. suggest, advise, require, insist, order …（表欲望含义的词）后从句 * He ordered that a bridge be built over the river. *I insist that we go there at once.

~ 第 6页 ~

在线学习网址：www.Jinghua.com

www.Jinghua.com“在线名师”→ 资料室免费资料任你下载

注意:

* His face suggested that he __________ （be） extremely tired. * he insisted that he _________________（ not steal） the money.

C. as if / as though 后从句

* It seems as though it were spring. * They talked as if they had been friends for years. * It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. z It looks as if it is going to rain. 结论：

D. if only （要是… 就好了）后从句 * If only I hadn’t taken that second cup of coffee , I couldn’t go to sleep until 3 o’clock last night. * Oh, if he only knew how we miss him. * If only he had worked harder. z If I could only see him once. 动词变化规律：

E. but for （= without）

* But for your help, I couldn’t have finished the work on time.

Exercises

1. We _______ last night, but we went to the concert instead. A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study 2. Tom ought not to have told your secret, but he _____ no harm.

A. means B. meant C. had meant D. has meant 3. When a pencil is partly in a glass, it looks as if it ____.

A. breaks B. has been broken C. were broken D. had been broken 4. Mike’s father, as well as his mother, insisted that he ____ home.

A. stayed B. would stay C. has stayed D. stay 5. His tired face suggested that he _____ really tired after the long walk.

A. had been B. was C. be D. were 6. Jane would never have gone to the party _____ that Mary would come to see him.

A. has she known B. had she known C. if she knows D. if she knew 7. --- Would you have called her up had it been possible?

--- Yes, but I ______ busy doing my homework. A. was B. were C. had been C. would be

~ 第 7页 ~

在线学习网址：www.Jinghua.com

www.Jinghua.com“在线名师”→ 答疑室随时随地提问互动

I didn’t know his telephone number, otherwise I ____ him. A. had telephoned B. would telephone C. would have telephoned D. will telephone How I wish I ______ that to him last night! A. didn’t say B. hadn’t said C. wouldn’t say D. couldn’t say 10. --- Why didn’t you buy the book?

--- I ____, but my mother ____ allow me. A.would; didn’t B. would have; didn’t C. had had, wouldn’t D. had bought; hadn’t 11. _____ I would go there myself.

A. Were I you B. I were you C. If I had been you D. Had I been you 12. If only my mother ______ this together with me now!

A. had seen B. could see C. must see D. should see 13. But for Mr. Dong, we _____ such a happy life now.

A. wouldn’t be living B. won’t be living C. can’t live D. are not able to 14. Jenny _____ with him at that time, for I was having dinner with her in my home.

A. can’t have been B. mustn’t have been C. must be D. might have been 15. Everything will go on as usual as if nothing _________.

A. has happened B. had happened C. will happen D. happens 16. Without your help, we ______ such rapid progress.

A. couldn’t make B. wouldn’t make C. won’t made D. wouldn’t have made 17. I would very much like ______ to the party but you didn’t invite me.

A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 18. --- Why didn’t Tom give you one of his paintings?

--- I didn’t want one, but he would have given me one if I ______. A. do B. would C. will D. had

19. If I ____ plan to do anything I wanted to , I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to 20. If you had told me about your problem, I ______ able to help you. A. may be B. might be C. may have been D. might have been

答案：情态动词：

1—5 BDBAC 6—10 DCBAA 11—15 DADDA 16—20 CCCAA 21—20 BCBAA 26—30 DAADC 31—35. BCACA 36—37. CB 虚拟语气：

1—5 CBCDB 6—10 BACBB 11—15 ACAAB 16—20 DBDBD

~ 第 8页 ~

在线学习网址：www.Jinghua.com

8. 9.

因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容

查看全文