Learning about language
Ⅰ.根据提示写出单词的正确形式
1．You can't sign (签署) anything without my permission. 2．What can they tell us about your ability and personality (个性)? 3．The clothes were frozen (冻住) on the washing-line last night. 4．By popular demand (要求), the play will run for another week. 5．Not enough data is available (可获得的) to scientists.
6．Having_suffered (suffer) from a great loss in the trade, the company is having a hard time. 7．It seems to me that he's likely to_know (know) the answer. 8．Traditionally (tradition), people clean the house before the Spring Festival. 9．Tom gratefully (grateful) took in the comfortable sitting room. 10．He put his heart into helping the homeless, and finally, his efforts earned (earn) him great success and fame. Ⅱ.选词填空
take notice of， apply for， in response to， in demand， according to， be related to， refer to， be fluent in 1.His novels have been in_demand all over the world since he won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2017.
2．Miss Crawford took_notice_of Mary's decline in study and wished she could study hard to catch up with others.
3．In_response_to complaints, the company reviewed its safety procedures. 4．I'm writing to apply_for the position as a student volunteer. 5．Your notes are excellent materials to refer_to when you are studying for a test. 6．She studies eight foreign languages but is_fluent_in only six of them. 7．Students are all put in different groups according_to their abilities. 8．What I have to say is_related_to all of you. Ⅲ.完成句子
1．The tour starts in Stratford where you view the work in_progress on the Olympic Park. 旅行从Stratford开始，在那里你可以看到奥林匹克公园建设正在进行之中。 2．Motorists are_required_to_switch/turn_off their phones while driving nowadays. 现如今司机开车时被要求关掉手机。
3．His remarks came in_response_to the questions raised by the students. 他的评论是对学生提出问题的回复。
4．I think that he is_likely_to_win the football match. 我认为他很可能会赢得这场足球赛。
5．There is no denying that our earth is_suffering_severe_damage. 不可否认，我们的地球正遭受着严重的破坏。
6．Look! The new houses which are being constructed here will be_available_to those low-income families after they are ready.
看！这些正在建造的新房子建成之后将被提供给那些低收入家庭。 7．The girl has got the books which are_related_to her poor subject. 这个女孩得到了和她的弱科相关的书籍。
8．The victims of the accident demanded that the case (should)_be_looked_into. 事故的受害者要求立即调查这一案件。 Ⅳ.完形填空
It was a busy day as usual.I was making sandwiches when my husband walked in with our daughters.We had only twenty minutes to eat __1__ we had to take the girls to their next activity.My husband seemed a bit __2__ that dinner was not ready.
That night, I had a heavy __3__ about the tasks we did every day.We had become too __4__ in our own tasks but seldom cared about those around us.We needed to do something to __5__ some meaning into our lives.
I bought a notebook, named it “Our Deed Diary” and held a family meeting, telling I wanted us all to think about doing a __6__ for others every day.We all needed to __7__ the deed in the notebook.
I thought one deed a day was too easy.__8__， it was actually harder than it seemed because it had to be something __9__ what we had already done.Sending birthday cards to people we already sent cards to every year would not __10__.
We had a rough __11__.On some days, someone would not __12__ to do a good deed, while on other days, we would just forget to write.After a few weeks, I found myself waking up in the morning trying to __13__ what good deed I could do that day.My daughters began to rush to me after school to __14__ me the good deed they had done.
Now, after a year, I am happy to say it is making a(n) __15__ in our lives. Instead of always __16__ what the day will bring for us, we think about what we can do for others.
Who can imagine doing a simple kindness a day would be so __17__？My daughters benefited from it and felt inner joy that you can only __18__ by giving to someone else from your heart.You don't even look for anything in __19__.Therefore, when someone does return the favor, it is an enormous and positive __20__.
语篇解读：本文讲述了作者发动全家每天做一件善事并记到日记本上。日复一日，这成
为家里的传统，家人也感到这种善举的重大意义并从中得到快乐。
1．A.after C．unless
B．before D．if
解析：选B 此处呼应第一句中的“a busy day”，也为下文想到做善事作铺垫。根据空后的“take the girls to their next activity”可知，设空处表示“在……之前”。句意：在把女儿送去参加下一项活动前，我们只有20分钟时间吃饭。看到晚饭还没做好，丈夫似乎有点生气。故选B项。
2．A.delighted C．embarrassed
B．confused D．annoyed
解析：选D 留给吃饭的时间并不多，而作者还没有做好饭，因此，丈夫似乎有点生气(annoyed)。delighted意为“高兴的”；confused意为“困惑的”；embarrassed意为“尴尬的”。
3．A.heart C．head
B．stomach D．shoulder
解析：选A 根据第一段的描述及本段第二句“We had become too ________in our own tasks but seldom cared about those around us.”可知，作者想到每天做的事，心里感到很沉重。故选A项。
4．A.familiar C．absorbed
B．interested D．successful
解析：选C 根据but后的内容及下一句“We needed to do something to ________ some meaning into our lives.”可知，此处指作者一家太专注于自己的事却很少关心周围的人。be/become absorbed in sth.意为“专注于某事”，符合语境。故选C项。
5．A.come about C．take up
B．bring back D．put off
解析：选B 本段是作者的反思，结合空前的“needed to do something”可知，作者认为需要做些什么来找回生活的意义。come about意为“发生”；bring back意为“带回”；take up意为“开始从事；占据”；put off意为“推迟”。根据语境可知选B项。
6．A.job C．kindness
B．research D．survey
解析：选C 根据最后一段第一句中的“doing a simple kindness a day”及文中多次出现的good deed可知，此处指为别人做一件好事。故选C项。
7．A.give away C．note down
B．carry out D．set aside
解析：选C 根据后文的“forget to write”可知，此处指将做的好事记到日记本上。give away意为“赠送；泄露”；carry out意为“实施；执行”；note down意为“写下；记下”；set aside 意为“搁置；腾出”。根据语境可知选C项。
8．A.Therefore C．Otherwise
B．However D．Anyhow
解析：选B 上文的“too easy”与设空后的“actually harder”可知，前后两句之间为转折关系。故选B项。句意：我原以为每天做一件善事很容易。然而，事实上这比想象的要难得多，因为它必须是我们已经做过的事情以外的事。
9．A.among C．within
B．from D．beyond
解析：选D 根据下文中的“we already sent cards to every year would not ________”可知，此处指平时做的事情以外的事，故选beyond，意为“超越；在……以外”。
10．A.work C．last
B．cover D．happen
解析：选A 根据上文的“actually harder than it seemed because it had to be something ________ what we had already done”可知，每年都给人送生日贺卡这件事是无效的。work意为“起作用；奏效”，符合语境。故选A项。cover意为“覆盖；报道”；last意为“持续”；happen意为“发生”。
11．A.start C．time
B．life D．finish
解析：选A 根据下文的“... someone would not ________ to do a good deed, while on other days, we would just forget to write.”可知，这个想法在刚开始实行时，作者一家就遇到了困难。故选A项。
12．A.continue
B．remember
C．forget D．stop
解析：选B 根据下文的“while on other days, we would just forget to write”可知，while 表转折，有时忘记记下来，而有时会忘记去做好事。continue意为“继续”；forget意为“忘记”；stop意为“阻止；停下来”。根据语境可知选B项。
13．A.inform C．remind
B．determine D．memorize
解析：选B 几周之后，作者发现自己早上醒来的时候会努力去决定(determine)当天该做什么好事，故选B项。inform意为“通知”；remind意为“使想起；提醒”；memorize意为“回忆”。
14．A.educate C．tell
B．teach D．praise
解析：选C 根据空前的“began to rush to me”及空后的“the good deed they had done”可知，女儿放学后，就冲向作者并告诉(tell)作者她们做了什么好事。故选C项。
15．A.effort C．decision
B．comment D．difference
解析：选D 根据下文的“Instead of always ________ what the day will bring for us, we think about what we can do for others.”可知，这是前后情况的对比，即作者一家每天坚持做好事开始起作用了。make a difference意为“有影响；起作用”，符合语境。故选D项。make an effort意为“努力”；make a comment意为“评论”；make a decision意为“作决定”。
16．A.understanding C．gaining
B．wondering D．believing
解析：选B Instead表示转折，前后情况发生变化，根据下文的“think about what we can do for others”可知，现在作者一家总是想如何去为别人做点事，由此可推测，以前总是想知道每天会带给他们什么。wonder意为“想知道”，符合语境。故选B项。
17．A.exhausting C．shocking
B．disappointing D．rewarding
解析：选D 根据下文中的“My daughters benefited from it and felt inner joy ...”可知，此处指从做好事中获得的好处，即小小的善举也是会有回报的(rewarding)。故选D项。exhausting
意为“令人疲惫的”；disappointing意为“失望的”；shocking意为“震惊的”。
18．A.experience C．predict
B．imagine D．expect
解析：选A 根据空后的“by giving to someone else from your heart”可知，这种快乐只有通过真心的奉献才能体会到。experience意为“经历；体会”，符合语境。故选A项。imagine意为“想象”；predict意为“预言；预料”；expect意为“预计；预期；期望”。
19．A.exchange C．return
B．charge D．order
解析：选C 根据下文的“return the favor”可知，此处指你甚至不求任何回报。in return意为“作为回报”，符合语境。故选C项。in exchange意为“作为交换”；in charge意为“管理；负责”；in order意为“按顺序”。
20．A.bonus C．consequence
B．influence D．contribution
解析：选A 由上文可知，你甚至做好事不求回报，因此当有人给你回报的时候，这会是一个巨大而积极的奖励(bonus)。故选A项。influence意为“影响”；consequence意为“后果”；contribution意为“贡献”。 Ⅴ.阅读理解
A
Finding a job is difficult. But what might be even more untoward is figuring out how to get used to the new environment that you are working in when you do finally manage to get a new job. Here are some tips for dealing with the adjustment period.
Be friendly to people. Any job is better when you are friends of the people that you are working with. You should be friendly to everyone that you are meeting. Actually listen to what these people tell you. Most people like making friends with those who are willing to listen.
Stay positive. One of the things that makes it difficult to adjust to a new job is negativity. If you automatically (无意识地) make judgments about things at the office that you aren't going to like, then you're going to find it difficult to approach the job with a positive attitude. Try to focus on the things that you like about the work and stay away from anyone that is saying negative things on the job.
Keep relaxed. Accept the fact that you probably aren't going to get used to the new job immediately. You are going to make some mistakes. You are going to get confused or you're going to confuse others by doing things differently than what they're used to. Be relaxed. The thing that
you really need to get used to a new job, is just time.
Getting used to a new job or a new work environment isn't easy, but it doesn't have to be particularly difficult either. Get to know the people that you are working with and the unspoken rules of the place by paying attention to what is going on around you and accepting that it's going to take some time to get used to it all! After you have adjusted to your new job, the way to do the job well is coming to the first question.
语篇解读：找工作难，适应新的工作环境更难。本文为我们提出了一些适应新工作的技巧。
1．The underlined word“untoward”in Para. 1 probably means “________”． A．difficult C．important
B．impressive D．shocking
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文的“Finding a job is difficult.”以及画线词前的“even more”可推断，画线词所在句意为“获得新工作之后，如何适应新的工作环境更难。”即画线词含义是“困难的”。
2．In the author's opinion, you can learn unspoken rules by________. A．asking for others' help B．copying others' behavior C．following others' instructions
D．noticing what's going on in the workplace
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Get to know the people that you are working with and the unspoken rules of the place by paying attention to what is going on around you ...”可知，通过注意你周围发生的事来了解与你一起工作的人和潜规则。
3．If the passage continues, what may be talked about? A．How to keep relaxed. B．How to do your job well.
C．How to make fewer mistakes in your job. D．The importance of adjusting to your new job.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“After you have adjusted to your new job, the way to do the job well is coming to the first question.”可知，适应了新工作之后，如何做好这份工作就成为随之而来的首要问题。由此推断，文章接下来会阐述如何做好你的工作。
4．What would be the best title for this passage?
A．What to do in an interview B．Ways to find a satisfactory job C．Tips for adjusting to a new job D．How to get along well with others
解析：选C 标题归纳题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段“Here are some tips for dealing with the adjustment period.”可知，本文主要讲述的是如何适应新的工作环境。
B
Imagine that you're looking at your company-issued smartphone and you notice an e-mail from LinkedIn: “These companies are looking for candidates like you！” You aren't necessarily searching for a job, but you're always open to opportunities, so out of curiosity, you click on the link.A few minutes later your boss appears at your desk.“We've noticed that you're spending more time on LinkedIn lately, so I want to talk with you about your career and whether you're happy here，” she says.Uh-oh.
It's an awkward scene.Attrition (消耗) has always been expensive for companies, but in many industries the cost of losing good workers is rising, owing to tight labor markets.Thus companies are intensifying their efforts to predict which workers are at high risk of leaving so that managers can try to stop them.Tactics (策略) range from electronic monitor to sophisticated (复杂的) analyses of employees' social media lives.
Some of this work may be a reason to let employees quit.In general, people leave their jobs because they don't like their boss, don't see opportunities for promotion or growth, or are offered a higher pay; these reasons have held steady for years.
New research conducted by CEB, a Washington-based technology company, looks not just at why workers quit but also at when.“We've learned that what really affects people is their sense of how they're doing compared with other people in their peer group, or with where they thought they would be at a certain point in life，” says Brian Kropp, who heads CEB's HR practice.“We've learned to focus on moments that allow people to make these comparisons.”
Technology also provides clues about which star employees might be eyeing the exit.Companies can tell whether employees using work computers or phones are spending time on (or even just opening e-mails from) career websites, and research shows that more firms are paying attention to these things.Large companies have also begun tracking badge swipes (浏览痕迹) — employees' use of an ID to enter and exit the building or the parking garage — to identify patterns that suggest a worker may be interviewing for a job.
语篇解读：由于劳工市场紧张，优秀职员的成本增加，越来越多的公司领导对有离职意向的职员很担忧，为此他们采取了一系列的应对措施。
5．From the first paragraph, we can infer LinkedIn is ________. A．an e-mail
B．a job from the Internet C．a professional social network D．a world-famous company
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Imagine that you're looking at your company-issued smartphone and you notice an e-mail from LinkedIn：‘These companies are looking for candidates like you！’”可知，LinkedIn是职场社交网络平台。
6．What's the main idea of the second paragraph? A．The cost of losing good workers is rising. B．Companies are stricter with workers than before.
C．Measures have been taken to find the potential workers who want to quit. D．Finding new jobs has been a trend for most workers.
解析：选C 段落大意题。根据第二段中的“Attrition (消耗) has always been expensive for companies, but in many industries the cost of losing good workers is rising ...”可知，优秀职员的离开会给公司带来巨大的损失；再结合“Thus companies are intensifying their efforts ... Tactics (策略) range from electronic monitor to sophisticated (复杂的) analyses of employees' ...”可知，公司为了避免这种损失，也在采取措施阻止此类事情的发生。
7．According to the research by CEB, which of the following might be the most probable reason for workers to quit their jobs?
A．They don't like their bosses.
B．Workers are always doing comparisons. C．Not seeing opportunities for promotion. D．To find a higher-paid job.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第四段CEB人力资源总监布赖恩·克罗普的话“ ... affects people is their sense of how they're doing compared with other people in their peer group, or with where they thought ...”可知，当员工在同事之间进行比较时更容易离职。
8．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To make a review on a phenomenon. B．To tell us the leaders' concerns.
C．To show a new trend in the job market. D．To stress the role of new technologies.
解析：选A 写作目的题。文章首段由用智能手机登录领英看邮件这一假设场景引出员工离职的话题，接下来阐述了出现这种现象的原因以及相关的措施等。由此可推测，作者写作本文是为了对员工离职这一现象进行评论。故选A项。
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